MSNCB Renal Nursing 2

Question 1

A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4 has a serum potassium of 6.2 mEq/L. Which dietary instruction is the priority?

Accepted Answer

Avoid high-potassium foods such as bananas and oranges

Answer

Hyperkalemia (K+ >5.5 mEq/L) is life-threatening; dietary restriction of high-potassium foods is the priority nursing intervention.

Question 2

Which finding in a patient receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) most warrants immediate notification of the physician?

Accepted Answer

Cloudy peritoneal effluent

Answer

Cloudy effluent is the hallmark sign of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis requiring immediate medical intervention.

Question 3

A nurse is caring for a patient on hemodialysis with an arteriovenous (AV) fistula. Which assessment finding requires immediate action?

Accepted Answer

Absence of thrill and bruit

Answer

Loss of thrill and bruit indicates fistula thrombosis, which requires immediate reporting to preserve vascular access.

Question 4

Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?

Accepted Answer

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer

ESRD impairs phosphate excretion, leading to hyperphosphatemia, which secondarily contributes to renal osteodystrophy.

Question 5

A patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) has a urine output of 25 mL/hour for the past 3 hours. How should the nurse classify this finding?

Accepted Answer

Oliguria requiring evaluation

Answer

Oliguria is defined as urine output <0.5 mL/kg/hr or <30 mL/hr in adults, warranting prompt clinical evaluation.

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