MSNCB Fluid & Electrolyte Balance

Question 1

A patient's serum sodium level is 128 mEq/L. Which condition does this reflect?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Answer

Hypernatremia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hypokalemia

Question 2

A nurse assesses a patient and finds muscle weakness, fatigue, and ECG changes showing flattened T waves with prominent U waves. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Hypernatremia

Answer

Hypercalcemia

Answer

Hypermagnesemia

Question 3

Which IV solution is classified as isotonic?

Accepted Answer

0.9% NaCl

Answer

0.45% NaCl

Answer

3% NaCl

Answer

D10W

Question 4

A patient with heart failure presents with bilateral lung crackles, peripheral edema, and a 4-pound weight gain in 2 days. Which fluid imbalance does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Fluid volume excess

Answer

Fluid volume deficit

Answer

Third spacing

Answer

Isotonic dehydration

Question 5

A patient with prolonged vomiting and nasogastric suction is at greatest risk for which acid-base imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Answer

Respiratory acidosis

Answer

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 6

Which assessment finding is most indicative of dehydration in an adult patient?

Accepted Answer

Decreased skin turgor

Answer

Bounding peripheral pulses

Answer

Jugular vein distension

Answer

Peripheral edema

Question 7

A nurse is caring for a patient with hypernatremia (serum sodium 158 mEq/L). Which intervention is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Encourage free water intake or administer hypotonic fluids

Answer

Administer 3% NaCl IV

Answer

Restrict all fluid intake

Answer

Administer sodium bicarbonate