Core Concepts & Fundamentals Flashcards

Under Graham v. Connor, force used during an arrest is judged by what standard?

Answer: Objective reasonableness from the perspective of a reasonable officer on scene

Graham requires an objective reasonableness test based on the totality of circumstances known at the time.

Under Tennessee v. Garner, when may deadly force be used to stop a fleeing felon?

Answer: When there is probable cause the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury

Garner restricts deadly force against fleeing suspects to threats of death or serious injury to officers or others.

An officer sees a colleague using clearly excessive force on a handcuffed subject. What is the officer's proper duty?

Answer: Intervene if able and report the incident

Officers have a duty to intervene to prevent excessive force and to report it.

What does the Brady rule require of the prosecution and law enforcement?

Answer: Disclose evidence favorable to the defendant

Brady v. Maryland requires disclosure of material exculpatory evidence to the defense.

Which statement best describes police discretion?

Answer: The authority to choose among lawful courses of action within the law

Discretion is the judgment to select among lawful options, bounded by law and policy.

In most use-of-force models, what is the lowest level of response?

Answer: Officer presence and verbal direction

Officer presence and verbal commands are the least intrusive options on the force continuum.

Why do law enforcement ethics codes discourage accepting gratuities?

Answer: They can create obligation and erode public trust

Even small gifts can appear to buy favoritism and undermine public confidence.