Psychological Treatments and Psychotherapy Flashcards

Which component is central to the cognitive model underpinning Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)?

Answer: The role of automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions in maintaining distress

CBT is based on the model that automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions (negative appraisals of self, world, and future) maintain psychological distress, and therapy targets these cognitions.

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) was originally developed for which patient population?

Answer: Patients with borderline personality disorder

DBT was developed by Marsha Linehan specifically for individuals with borderline personality disorder, particularly those with chronic suicidality and self-harm.

In Motivational Interviewing (MI), what does the acronym OARS stand for?

Answer: Open questions, Affirmations, Reflective listening, Summarising

OARS represents the core communication skills in MI: Open questions, Affirmations, Reflective listening, and Summarising, used to elicit change talk.

Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) has the strongest evidence base for treating which condition?

Answer: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

EMDR has strong evidence from multiple RCTs for PTSD and is recommended by NICE as a first-line treatment alongside trauma-focused CBT.

Which of Yalom's therapeutic factors in group therapy refers to the sense of hope gained by observing others' recovery?

Answer: Instillation of hope

Instillation of hope is one of Yalom's 11 therapeutic factors and involves group members gaining hope by witnessing the progress and recovery of others in the group.

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) for depression focuses primarily on which of the following?

Answer: Improving interpersonal functioning and addressing grief, role disputes, transitions, and deficits

IPT specifically targets four interpersonal problem areas—grief, role disputes, role transitions, and interpersonal deficits—that are linked to onset or maintenance of depression.

In systemic family therapy, the technique of 'circular questioning' is used to:

Answer: Explore how family members perceive each other's relationships and behaviours

Circular questioning is a systemic technique that asks each family member how they think others in the family perceive relationships and behaviours, revealing relational patterns.