Master of Pharmacy: Research and Biostatistics Flashcards
7 cards from real MPharm Master of Pharmacy practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Master of Pharmacy: Research and Biostatistics flashcards as text
In a randomized controlled trial, what does 'allocation concealment' prevent?
Answer: Selection bias during participant assignment
Allocation concealment prevents selection bias by ensuring the investigator cannot predict or influence which group a participant is assigned to before enrollment.
A 95% confidence interval for a drug's mean reduction in blood pressure is (8 mmHg, 14 mmHg). What is the correct interpretation?
Answer: We are 95% confident the true population mean reduction falls between 8 and 14 mmHg
A 95% CI means that if the study were repeated many times, 95% of such intervals would contain the true population parameter.
Which study design provides the strongest evidence for causal inference in pharmaceutical research?
Answer: Double-blind randomized controlled trial
A double-blind RCT controls for both selection bias and performance/detection bias, providing the highest level of evidence for causality.
The Kaplan-Meier method is specifically used to analyze which type of data?
Answer: Time-to-event (survival) data with censored observations
Kaplan-Meier analysis estimates survival functions from time-to-event data, properly accounting for censored observations.
In pharmacokinetic research, a two-compartment model assumes drug distributes between which compartments?
Answer: Central (plasma) and peripheral (tissue) compartments
A two-compartment model describes drug distribution between a central (blood/plasma) compartment and a peripheral (tissue) compartment with different rate constants.
When comparing means across three or more independent groups in pharmaceutical research, the appropriate initial statistical test is:
Answer: One-way ANOVA
One-way ANOVA simultaneously compares means across three or more groups while controlling the overall Type I error rate.
In a bioequivalence study, two formulations are considered bioequivalent if the 90% CI for the geometric mean ratio of AUC and Cmax falls within:
Answer: 80.00%–125.00%
The FDA requires the 90% CI for AUC and Cmax ratios to fall within 80.00%–125.00% to establish bioequivalence for most drugs.