MH Philosophy 2

Question 1

Which philosopher argued that 'existence precedes essence,' making existentialism a human-centered philosophy?

Accepted Answer

Jean-Paul Sartre

Answer

Sartre argued that humans first exist and then define themselves through choices, reversing the traditional view that essence precedes existence.

Question 2

What is the central claim of Kant's 'Copernican Revolution' in epistemology?

Accepted Answer

The mind actively structures experience through innate categories

Answer

Kant argued that rather than the mind conforming to objects, objects must conform to the mind's innate structures like space, time, and causality.

Question 3

In Plato's allegory of the cave, what does the sun outside the cave represent?

Accepted Answer

The Form of the Good

Answer

The sun symbolizes the Form of the Good, the highest form in Plato's theory, which illuminates all other truths.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes Hume's 'problem of induction'?

Accepted Answer

Past regularities do not logically guarantee future occurrences

Answer

Hume showed that the inference from past observations to future events has no logical justification, since the future could differ from the past.

Question 5

Aristotle's concept of 'eudaimonia' is best translated and understood as:

Accepted Answer

Human flourishing or living well in accordance with virtue

Answer

Eudaimonia refers to flourishing or well-being achieved through virtuous activity in accordance with one's rational nature.

MH - Master of Humanities Practice Test