Research Methods Flashcards

A study finds p = 0.03. The most accurate interpretation is:

Answer: If the null were true, there is a 3% probability of obtaining results this extreme or more

The p-value is the probability of obtaining the observed (or more extreme) data assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Which qualitative methodology involves conducting in-depth analysis of a bounded system — such as a single family or clinic — to understand it in its real-world context?

Answer: Case study

Case study research focuses on a bounded, specific case to generate rich contextual understanding.

A researcher wants to ensure that her interview questions cover all major aspects of clients' experience with therapy termination. She is most concerned with:

Answer: Content validity

Content validity ensures that an instrument adequately samples the full domain of the construct being measured.

An MFT researcher conducts a study without informing participants that their sessions are being recorded for analysis. This violates which ethical principle?

Answer: Informed consent

Recording participants without their knowledge violates informed consent, which requires disclosure of all study procedures.

In a meta-analysis, a funnel plot is used primarily to:

Answer: Detect potential publication bias

Funnel plots display study precision against effect size; asymmetry suggests publication bias may be present.

Which of the following is a key distinction between reliability and validity?

Answer: A valid measure is always reliable, but a reliable measure is not always valid

Validity requires reliability, but reliable measurement can still miss the intended construct entirely.

A researcher uses purposive sampling in a phenomenological study of therapist burnout. This means participants were selected because:

Answer: They met specific criteria relevant to the phenomenon being studied

Purposive sampling deliberately selects individuals who have experience with the phenomenon under investigation.