Pathophysiology & Chronic Disease Management Flashcards

Which exercise precaution is MOST important for a client with uncontrolled hypertension (resting BP >180/110 mmHg)?

Answer: Defer vigorous exercise until BP is controlled medically

ACE and ACSM guidelines recommend deferring vigorous exercise until blood pressure is managed below 180/110 mmHg to reduce cardiovascular risk.

Autonomic neuropathy in diabetic clients may cause which specific exercise complication?

Answer: Inability to achieve target heart rate

Autonomic neuropathy blunts the heart rate response to exercise, making heart rate an unreliable intensity guide.

Which type of exercise has the strongest evidence for improving insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Aerobic training

Aerobic exercise increases glucose transporter (GLUT-4) translocation in muscle, directly improving insulin sensitivity.

For a client with osteoporosis, which activity carries the HIGHEST fracture risk and should be avoided?

Answer: High-impact spinal flexion exercises

Loaded spinal flexion (e.g., sit-ups, toe touches) creates compressive forces on osteoporotic vertebrae that can cause compression fractures.

A client with congestive heart failure (CHF) should be monitored closely for which symptom during exercise?

Answer: Dyspnea at rest or with minimal exertion

Dyspnea at rest or with minimal exertion in a CHF client signals decompensation and requires immediate exercise cessation.

Which blood glucose range is generally considered safe for initiating exercise in a client with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: 70–250 mg/dL

Blood glucose between 70 and 250 mg/dL is the general safe window for exercise, with carbohydrate supplementation below 100 mg/dL.