Pathophysiology & Chronic Disease Management Flashcards

Which exercise response is considered abnormal in a client with coronary artery disease?

Answer: ST-segment depression ≥1 mm

ST-segment depression of 1 mm or more during exercise is a classic sign of myocardial ischemia in CAD patients.

Osteoporosis is diagnosed using bone mineral density (BMD) when the T-score is at or below what value?

Answer: -2.5

A T-score of -2.5 or lower at the hip or spine defines osteoporosis according to WHO criteria.

Which condition is characterized by excessive uric acid deposition in joints, causing acute inflammatory arthritis?

Answer: Gout

Gout results from hyperuricemia causing monosodium urate crystals to deposit in joints, triggering acute painful inflammation.

A client with peripheral artery disease (PAD) reports calf pain that resolves with rest. This symptom is called:

Answer: Intermittent claudication

Intermittent claudication is exercise-induced ischemic pain in the lower extremities that reliably resolves with rest in PAD patients.

Which hormonal change contributes most directly to increased visceral adiposity in postmenopausal women?

Answer: Decreased estrogen

Declining estrogen at menopause shifts fat distribution from subcutaneous to visceral depots, increasing cardiometabolic risk.

Which nervous system complication of long-standing diabetes most affects exercise prescription for the feet?

Answer: Peripheral neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy reduces sensation in the feet, requiring careful footwear checks and avoidance of high-impact activities to prevent injury.