Nutrition, Lifestyle & Weight Management Flashcards

Which macronutrient distribution is most supported by current evidence for clients with type 2 diabetes aiming to improve glycemic control through diet?

Answer: Reduced refined carbohydrate intake with emphasis on fiber-rich whole foods, lean protein, and healthy fats

Reducing refined carbohydrates and increasing fiber, lean protein, and healthy fats improves postprandial glucose and insulin response without extreme dietary restriction.

What is the primary role of a MES regarding nutrition counseling for clients?

Answer: Providing general evidence-based nutrition education and referring to a registered dietitian for medical nutrition therapy

MES professionals operate within their scope of practice by offering general nutrition education and referring clients with complex dietary needs to a registered dietitian.

For a client who exercises in the morning before breakfast, which nutritional strategy best prevents hypoglycemia during a session lasting 60+ minutes?

Answer: Consuming a small carbohydrate-containing snack 30–60 minutes before exercise

A small pre-exercise carbohydrate snack raises blood glucose and tops off glycogen stores, reducing hypoglycemia risk during prolonged fasted morning exercise.

Which lifestyle modification has the strongest evidence for reducing systolic blood pressure in hypertensive clients independently of medication?

Answer: The DASH diet combined with sodium reduction and regular aerobic exercise

The DASH diet, sodium restriction, and regular aerobic exercise each independently reduce systolic BP by clinically meaningful amounts, with the greatest effect when combined.

What is the minimum recommended daily protein intake (g/kg body weight) to preserve lean mass during a supervised weight loss program for an older adult?

Answer: 0.8 g/kg RDA minimum, with 1.0–1.2 g/kg often recommended for older adults in a caloric deficit

Older adults undergoing caloric restriction need at least 1.0–1.2 g/kg of protein to mitigate sarcopenic muscle loss due to anabolic resistance.

Which behavioral strategy is most effective for long-term weight management maintenance in clients with obesity?

Answer: Self-monitoring of dietary intake and physical activity combined with regular follow-up

Consistent self-monitoring of diet and physical activity, combined with ongoing professional follow-up, is one of the strongest predictors of sustained weight management.