Nutrition, Lifestyle & Weight Management Flashcards

Which hydration guideline is most important for a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) during exercise?

Answer: Follow individualized fluid recommendations from the medical team, as both over- and under-hydration are risky in CKD

CKD impairs the kidneys' ability to regulate fluid balance, so fluid intake must be individually guided by medical staff to prevent fluid overload or dehydration.

For a client with metabolic syndrome, which dietary pattern has the most evidence for improving all five metabolic syndrome components simultaneously?

Answer: Mediterranean dietary pattern

The Mediterranean diet reduces insulin resistance, triglycerides, blood pressure, waist circumference, and improves HDL cholesterol, addressing all five metabolic syndrome criteria.

What is the most appropriate recommendation for alcohol consumption for a client with hypertension?

Answer: Limit to no more than 1 drink/day for women and 2 drinks/day for men, as greater intake raises blood pressure

Exceeding moderate alcohol limits is an independent risk factor for hypertension; reducing intake to guideline levels produces measurable blood pressure reductions.

Which vitamin/mineral deficiency is most commonly associated with increased fracture risk and should be screened for in clients with osteoporosis?

Answer: Calcium and Vitamin D deficiency

Adequate calcium and Vitamin D are essential for bone mineral density maintenance; deficiency accelerates bone loss and dramatically increases fracture risk in osteoporosis.

A client with heart failure asks about salt intake. What is the standard dietary sodium recommendation for this population?

Answer: Restriction to 2,000–3,000 mg/day or per individual physician guidance to manage fluid retention

Sodium restriction in heart failure limits fluid retention and reduces the volume load on an already compromised heart; specific targets are individualized by the physician.

Which eating behavior pattern most consistently predicts excessive caloric intake and weight gain in sedentary clinical populations?

Answer: Frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods combined with irregular meal timing and emotional eating

Ultra-processed food consumption, irregular meal timing, and emotional eating create an environment of chronic caloric surplus driven by poor satiety signaling and stress-related intake.