Musculoskeletal Conditions & Special Populations Flashcards

Which exercise is generally contraindicated for clients with moderate-to-severe knee osteoarthritis due to excessive compressive loading?

Answer: Deep squats with heavy loading

Deep heavy squats produce patellofemoral and tibiofemoral compressive forces many times body weight, which is harmful for moderate-to-severe knee OA.

For an older adult with sarcopenia, which training type is the MOST important to prioritize?

Answer: Progressive resistance training

Progressive resistance training is the primary intervention for sarcopenia because it stimulates muscle protein synthesis and reverses muscle mass loss.

A pregnant client in her second trimester should avoid exercising in which position?

Answer: Supine

Supine exercise after the first trimester can cause the uterus to compress the inferior vena cava, reducing venous return and causing supine hypotensive syndrome.

Which gait deviation is commonly observed in clients with hip abductor weakness (Trendelenburg sign)?

Answer: Contralateral pelvic drop during single-leg stance

Weak hip abductors fail to stabilize the pelvis, causing the opposite side to drop (positive Trendelenburg) during the stance phase of walking.

Which chronic condition is most associated with the development of carpal tunnel syndrome due to soft tissue changes?

Answer: Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes causes glycosylation of connective tissue, leading to thickening of the flexor retinaculum and increasing carpal tunnel pressure.

Which exercise modification is most appropriate for a client with lumbar spinal stenosis who experiences symptom relief when bending forward?

Answer: Flexion-based exercises like recumbent cycling

Lumbar flexion opens the spinal canal and relieves neurogenic claudication in stenosis; activities like recumbent cycling maintain this posture.