Exercise Physiology & Fitness Testing Flashcards

Which equation is used to calculate target heart rate using heart rate reserve (Karvonen method)?

Answer: THR = (MHR – RHR) × intensity% + RHR

The Karvonen formula incorporates resting heart rate to personalize the target training zone: THR = (MHR – RHR) × intensity% + RHR.

Which body composition assessment method uses electrical resistance to estimate fat-free mass?

Answer: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

BIA sends a low electrical current through the body; fat-free mass conducts electricity better than fat, allowing estimation of body composition.

A 50-year-old male has a resting HR of 65 bpm and an estimated MHR of 170 bpm. What is his heart rate at 70% HRR?

Answer: 138.5 bpm

HRR = 170 – 65 = 105; 70% HRR = 73.5; THR = 73.5 + 65 = 138.5 bpm using the Karvonen formula.

Which muscle fiber type predominates in activities requiring sustained aerobic endurance?

Answer: Type I (slow-twitch oxidative)

Type I slow-twitch fibers have high mitochondrial density and fatigue resistance, making them ideal for sustained aerobic activities.

Which principle of training states that the body adapts specifically to the type of stress placed upon it?

Answer: SAID principle (Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands)

The SAID principle holds that the body adapts in a manner specific to the type, speed, and pattern of training stress applied.

Which instrument measures the force exerted by hand muscles and is used to screen for overall muscular strength and mortality risk?

Answer: Dynamometer (handgrip)

Handgrip dynamometry measures isometric grip force and is a validated predictor of all-cause mortality and overall muscular strength.