Math Statistics and Data Analysis Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Math Statistics and Data Analysis flashcards as text
A dataset has values 12, 15, 15, 18, 20, 22, 50. Which measure of center best represents this data?
Answer: Median
The median is best because the outlier (50) skews the mean, making the median a more representative center.
In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within two standard deviations of the mean?
Answer: 95%
The empirical rule states that approximately 95% of data falls within two standard deviations of the mean in a normal distribution.
A survey finds a correlation of r = -0.85 between hours of TV watched and GPA. What does this indicate?
Answer: There is a strong negative association between the variables
r = -0.85 indicates a strong negative linear association, but correlation does not imply causation.
Which sampling method divides the population into groups and randomly selects entire groups?
Answer: Cluster sampling
Cluster sampling divides the population into groups (clusters) and randomly selects entire clusters to survey.
A box plot shows Q1 = 30, Q2 = 45, Q3 = 60. What is the interquartile range (IQR)?
Answer: 30
IQR = Q3 − Q1 = 60 − 30 = 30.
A data set has a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. What is the z-score for a value of 35?
Answer: -1.5
z = (35 − 50) / 10 = −15/10 = −1.5.
Which of the following is an example of qualitative (categorical) data?
Answer: Favorite genre of music
Favorite genre of music is categorical data because it represents categories, not numerical measurements.
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