Natural Sciences Knowledge Flashcards

DNA : NUCLEOTIDE :: PROTEIN : ______

Answer: AMINO ACID

The analogy is based on a part-to-whole relationship. A nucleotide is the fundamental building block (monomer) that makes up a strand of DNA (polymer). Similarly, an amino acid is the monomer that links together to form a protein (polymer).

IGNEOUS : LAVA :: ______ : SEDIMENT

Answer: SEDIMENTARY

This analogy relates a type of rock to the material from which it is formed. Igneous rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of lava or magma. Sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation and compression of sediment.

OHM : RESISTANCE :: AMPERE : ______

Answer: CURRENT

The relationship is between a scientific unit and the quantity it measures. The Ohm is the standard unit of electrical resistance. The Ampere (or amp) is the standard unit of electrical current.

Which of the following best completes the analogy? CATALYST : REACTION RATE :: ENZYME : ______

Answer: BIOCHEMICAL REACTION

This is a functional analogy. A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction. An enzyme is a biological catalyst that specifically speeds up biochemical reactions within living organisms.

TELESCOPE : ASTRONOMY :: MICROSCOPE : ______

Answer: HISTOLOGY

The analogy connects a primary tool to its associated field of scientific study. A telescope is the principal instrument used in astronomy to observe distant celestial objects. A microscope is the principal instrument used in histology, the study of the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues.

HALF-LIFE : DECAY :: ______ : EVAPORATION

Answer: BOILING POINT

This analogy relates a key concept to a physical process. Half-life is a measure of the time it takes for a quantity to decay to half of its initial value, often used in radioactivity. Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas (evaporates) rapidly. Both terms define a critical point or measure related to a specific physical transformation.