Research & Best Practices Flashcards
7 cards from real Mandela Effect Quiz practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Research & Best Practices flashcards as text
Who coined the term "Mandela Effect" around 2009?
Answer: Fiona Broome
Paranormal consultant Fiona Broome coined it after sharing a false memory of Nelson Mandela dying in prison in the 1980s.
What is the term for unintentionally filling memory gaps with fabricated details the person believes are true?
Answer: Confabulation
Confabulation is the creation of false memories without intent to deceive.
In Loftus and Palmer's 1974 car-crash study, what changed participants' speed estimates?
Answer: The verb in the question, such as "smashed" versus "hit"
Leading wording in a question altered both speed estimates and later false recall of broken glass.
What is the "misinformation effect"?
Answer: Memory becoming distorted by post-event information
Exposure to misleading information after an event can alter how the event is remembered.
A source monitoring error occurs when a person:
Answer: Misattributes where a memory came from
People may confuse a memory from a parody, dream, or rumor with something they actually saw in the original.
Which is the best first step to test a claimed false memory such as a logo detail?
Answer: Consult primary sources like trademark filings or original archived media
Primary, dated sources provide objective evidence that does not depend on memory.
Which concept explains why people recall events as fitting expectations rather than as they occurred?
Answer: Schema-based reconstruction
Memory is rebuilt using prior knowledge, so details can drift toward what seems typical.
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