Professional Standards & Ethics Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Professional Standards & Ethics flashcards as text
In Loftus and Palmer's 1974 car-crash study, which verb in the question produced the highest speed estimates?
Answer: Smashed
Participants asked about cars that 'smashed' gave higher speed estimates, showing how wording can alter memory.
Which three principles are named in the Belmont Report on research ethics?
Answer: Respect for persons, beneficence, justice
The Belmont Report (1979) set respect for persons, beneficence, and justice as the foundation for human-subjects research.
What is the main purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
Answer: To protect the rights and welfare of human research participants
IRBs review proposed studies to ensure risks are minimized and participants are protected.
Loftus and Pickrell's 'lost in the mall' study raised ethical concern mainly because it involved what?
Answer: Deliberately planting a false childhood memory
Implanting false memories can cause confusion or distress, so such studies need careful oversight and debriefing.
What is the purpose of debriefing after a study that used deception?
Answer: To reveal the true purpose and address any harm or confusion
Debriefing restores transparency and lets researchers correct misconceptions created by the deception.
Under standard ethical guidelines, when may deception in a memory experiment be justified?
Answer: If no non-deceptive alternative exists, risk is minimal, and participants are debriefed
Deception is permitted only when scientifically necessary, low-risk, and followed by debriefing.
Which statement best describes valid informed consent?
Answer: Voluntary agreement after being told the procedures, risks, and right to withdraw
Informed consent requires voluntariness, disclosure of risks and procedures, and the freedom to withdraw.
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