Professional Development & Growth Flashcards
7 cards from real Mandela Effect Quiz practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Professional Development & Growth flashcards as text
A trainer opens a workshop on memory bias by naming the Mandela Effect. Who coined the term in 2009?
Answer: Fiona Broome
Paranormal researcher Fiona Broome coined the term in 2009 after discovering others shared her false memory of Nelson Mandela dying in prison.
Which real-world fact about Nelson Mandela is the origin of the name 'Mandela Effect'?
Answer: He was released in 1990 and died in 2013
Mandela was freed in 1990, became president in 1994, and died in December 2013.
Which researcher is best known for studying the misinformation effect, where later information distorts a memory?
Answer: Elizabeth Loftus
Elizabeth Loftus showed that wording and post-event information can alter eyewitness memories.
In a professional development seminar, what is 'confabulation'?
Answer: Unconsciously filling memory gaps with fabricated details believed to be true
Confabulation is the honest production of false memories to fill gaps.
A source monitoring error occurs when someone:
Answer: Misattributes where a memory came from, such as mistaking a dream or a rumor for an experience
Source monitoring errors confuse the origin of a memory, which can feed shared false memories.
What is the most reliable habit for professionals to avoid acting on a false memory?
Answer: Checking the original primary source
Verifying against primary documentation beats confidence, which does not track accuracy.
Which description best fits a 'false memory' in the Mandela Effect context?
Answer: A memory that is vivid and confidently held but factually incorrect
False memories feel real and are held with confidence despite being wrong.
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