Macronutrient Science Flashcards
7 cards from real Macro Coach Certification practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Macronutrient Science flashcards as text
A client wants to gain lean muscle mass. Which macronutrient surplus strategy is best supported by evidence?
Answer: Modest surplus of 200-500 kcal/day above TDEE with high protein
A modest caloric surplus of 200-500 kcal combined with adequate protein (1.6-2.2g/kg) optimizes lean mass gain while minimizing excess fat accumulation.
What percentage of ingested alcohol (ethanol) is converted to body fat under typical drinking conditions?
Answer: Less than 5%
De novo lipogenesis from alcohol is minimal (<5%); alcohol primarily displaces fat oxidation, indirectly promoting fat storage rather than being directly converted.
Which protein quality scoring system accounts for both amino acid profile and digestibility using human ileal data?
Answer: DIAAS (Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score)
DIAAS uses ileal digestibility coefficients for individual amino acids, making it more accurate than PDCAAS which uses fecal digestibility and truncates scores at 1.0.
Fructose is metabolized differently from glucose primarily because:
Answer: Fructose bypasses the rate-limiting enzyme phosphofructokinase in the liver
Fructose enters glycolysis below the phosphofructokinase checkpoint (at fructose-1-phosphate via fructokinase), bypassing a key regulatory step and enabling rapid, unregulated metabolism.
Which scenario best illustrates the concept of protein sparing?
Answer: Consuming adequate carbohydrates and calories to prevent amino acids from being used for energy
Protein sparing occurs when sufficient carbohydrate and total energy intake prevent the body from catabolizing amino acids for gluconeogenesis or energy production.
Which type of fat has been conclusively shown to raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol, worsening cardiovascular risk?
Answer: Industrial trans fat (partially hydrogenated oils)
Industrial trans fats uniquely both raise LDL and lower HDL cholesterol, making them the most atherogenic dietary fat, and are now banned in US food supply.
When dietary protein exceeds the body's anabolic needs, excess amino acids are primarily:
Answer: Deaminated and the carbon skeletons used for energy or converted to fat/glucose
Excess amino acids undergo deamination; the nitrogen is excreted as urea while the remaining carbon skeletons enter metabolic pathways as energy substrates or are converted to fat or glucose.
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