Macronutrient Science Fundamentals Flashcards
6 cards from real Macro Coach Certification practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Macronutrient Science Fundamentals flashcards as text
Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism?
Answer: Insulin facilitates glucose uptake into cells and promotes glycogen synthesis, reducing blood glucose levels
Insulin is secreted by the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose. It facilitates glucose uptake into muscle and fat cells, promotes glycogen synthesis, and signals energy storage.
Complete proteins differ from incomplete proteins in that they:
Answer: Provide all nine essential amino acids in adequate quantities
Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids (EAAs) — those the body cannot synthesize and must obtain from food — in sufficient quantities to support protein synthesis.
The Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) refers to:
Answer: The increase in metabolic rate following food consumption to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients
TEF is the energy expenditure required to digest, absorb, and process food. Protein has the highest TEF (20–30%), followed by carbohydrates (5–10%), then fat (0–3%).
Which type of dietary fat is associated with increased LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular risk when consumed in excess?
Answer: Saturated fats
Saturated fats (found in fatty meats, butter, full-fat dairy, coconut oil) are associated with elevated LDL cholesterol, which increases cardiovascular disease risk when consumed in excess.
Glycogen is primarily stored in which two locations in the human body?
Answer: Liver and skeletal muscle
Glycogen is stored in the liver (regulates blood glucose, ~100 g capacity) and skeletal muscle (fuels muscle contraction, ~300–500 g capacity in trained individuals).
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) include leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Which BCAA plays the most critical role in stimulating muscle protein synthesis (MPS)?
Answer: Leucine
Leucine is the primary activator of mTORC1 signaling, the key pathway for initiating muscle protein synthesis. It acts as a 'trigger' for MPS, making it the most critical amino acid for muscle building.
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