LVN Pediatric Nursing 3

Question 1

A nurse assesses a newborn and notes the infant has not passed meconium within 48 hours of birth. Which condition should the nurse suspect?

Accepted Answer

Hirschsprung's disease

Answer

Hirschsprung's disease (aganglionic megacolon) commonly presents as failure to pass meconium within 48 hours of birth in a newborn.

Question 2

A 4-year-old child with leukemia has an ANC of 400/mm³. Which nursing action is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Place the child in protective (reverse) isolation

Answer

An ANC below 500/mm³ indicates severe neutropenia; protective isolation prevents exposure to pathogens that could cause life-threatening infection.

Question 3

The nurse is calculating fluid maintenance for a 20 kg child using the Holliday-Segar method. What is the correct 24-hour fluid requirement?

Accepted Answer

1600 mL

Answer

Using Holliday-Segar: 100 mL/kg for the first 10 kg + 50 mL/kg for the next 10 kg = 1000 + 600 = 1600 mL/24 hours.

Question 4

A toddler is brought to the ED after ingesting an unknown substance. The nurse notes the child has pinpoint pupils and decreased respirations. Which substance is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Opioids

Answer

Opioid toxicity classically presents with the triad of miosis (pinpoint pupils), CNS depression, and respiratory depression.

Question 5

Which positioning is safest for an infant to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Accepted Answer

Supine (on back)

Answer

The 'Back to Sleep' campaign recommends placing healthy infants supine on a firm, flat surface to reduce SIDS risk.

(LVN) Licensed Vocational Nurse Practice Test

(LVN) Licensed Vocational Nurse Practice Test

LVN Pediatric Nursing 3