LVN Nutrition and Fluid Balance 3

Question 1

A patient diagnosed with celiac disease must strictly avoid which dietary component?

Accepted Answer

Gluten

Answer

Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten, found in wheat, barley, and rye, which damages the small intestinal villi.

Question 2

A patient on warfarin therapy asks about diet. The nurse should advise consistent intake of which vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Answer

Vitamin K directly affects warfarin's anticoagulant effect; consistent (not eliminated) intake of vitamin K-rich foods keeps INR stable.

Question 3

A low-purine diet is prescribed for a patient with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Gout

Answer

Gout is caused by uric acid crystal deposits in joints; purines break down into uric acid, so a low-purine diet reduces gout flares.

Question 4

Which vitamin deficiency is most directly associated with night blindness?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin A is essential for the synthesis of rhodopsin in retinal rods; deficiency impairs vision in low-light conditions.

Question 5

A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis needs dietary restriction of which two nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Potassium and phosphorus

Answer

CKD patients cannot excrete potassium and phosphorus efficiently, leading to dangerous hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia.

(LVN) Licensed Vocational Nurse Practice Test