LVN Nutrition and Fluid Balance 2

Question 1

A patient has a serum potassium of 6.2 mEq/L. Which food should the nurse instruct the patient to avoid?

Accepted Answer

Bananas

Answer

Bananas are high in potassium and must be avoided by patients with hyperkalemia to prevent cardiac complications.

Question 2

Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) is classified as which type of intravenous solution?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic

Answer

0.9% NaCl is isotonic, meaning it has the same osmolarity as blood and does not cause fluid shifts into or out of cells.

Question 3

A patient receiving furosemide (Lasix) long-term is most at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Loop diuretics like furosemide cause potassium loss through the kidneys, leading to hypokalemia.

Question 4

Which clinical finding is associated with hypocalcemia?

Accepted Answer

Chvostek's sign

Answer

Chvostek's sign (facial twitching when tapping the facial nerve) is a classic indicator of hypocalcemia due to neuromuscular irritability.

Question 5

The normal serum sodium (Na+) range is:

Accepted Answer

135–145 mEq/L

Answer

Normal serum sodium is 135–145 mEq/L; values outside this range indicate hyponatremia or hypernatremia.

(LVN) Licensed Vocational Nurse Practice Test