Nutrition & Diet Therapy Flashcards

A patient with celiac disease must avoid which protein?

Answer: Gluten

Gluten, found in wheat, rye, and barley, triggers an autoimmune response in the small intestine of patients with celiac disease.

Which dietary approach is recommended for a patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to manage blood glucose?

Answer: Consistent carbohydrate diet with controlled portions

A consistent carbohydrate diet with controlled portions helps stabilize postprandial blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.

The LVN is caring for a patient with iron-deficiency anemia. Which food combination BEST enhances iron absorption?

Answer: Spinach with orange juice

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in orange juice enhances non-heme iron absorption from plant sources like spinach.

A patient with congestive heart failure is placed on a 2-gram sodium diet. Which food should the patient AVOID?

Answer: Canned soup

Canned soups are typically very high in sodium, often containing 800–1,200 mg per serving, making them inappropriate for a 2-gram sodium restriction.

Which nutrient is the body's preferred source of energy?

Answer: Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most efficient fuel source, providing 4 kcal per gram and rapid conversion to glucose.

A breastfeeding mother asks the LVN about calcium needs. The recommended daily calcium intake for a lactating woman is:

Answer: 1,000 mg

The recommended dietary allowance for calcium in lactating women is 1,000 mg per day, the same as for non-pregnant adult women.

Which complication is MOST associated with excessive vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy?

Answer: Fetal teratogenicity and birth defects

Excessive vitamin A (especially preformed retinol) is teratogenic and can cause serious fetal abnormalities, particularly in the first trimester.