Nutrition & Diet Therapy Flashcards

A patient with chronic kidney disease is placed on a renal diet. Which nutrient restriction is MOST critical to prevent hyperkalemia?

Answer: Potassium

Potassium restriction is essential in CKD because impaired kidneys cannot excrete potassium, leading to dangerous hyperkalemia.

Which vitamin deficiency is MOST commonly associated with night blindness?

Answer: Vitamin A

Vitamin A (retinol) is essential for rhodopsin production in rod cells, and its deficiency causes night blindness.

A patient receiving tube feedings develops diarrhea. Which action should the LVN take FIRST?

Answer: Check the osmolality of the formula

High-osmolality formulas draw fluid into the bowel and commonly cause osmotic diarrhea, so checking the formula is the priority assessment.

Which type of fat is MOST associated with increasing LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular disease risk?

Answer: Trans fat

Trans fats raise LDL (bad) cholesterol and lower HDL (good) cholesterol, significantly increasing cardiovascular disease risk.

A postoperative patient is advancing from NPO to a clear liquid diet. Which item is appropriate to offer?

Answer: Gelatin dessert

Clear liquid diets include foods that are liquid at room temperature and leave minimal residue, such as gelatin, broth, and apple juice.

Which mineral is essential for insulin synthesis and glucose metabolism?

Answer: Zinc

Zinc is required for the synthesis, storage, and secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells.

A patient on warfarin therapy asks about dietary restrictions. The LVN should instruct the patient to maintain a consistent intake of which nutrient?

Answer: Vitamin K

Vitamin K plays a key role in blood clotting and can alter warfarin's anticoagulant effect, so consistent intake is essential for stable INR levels.