Nutrition and Fluid Balance Flashcards
7 cards from real LVN practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Nutrition and Fluid Balance flashcards as text
A patient diagnosed with celiac disease must strictly avoid which dietary component?
Answer: Gluten
Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten, found in wheat, barley, and rye, which damages the small intestinal villi.
A patient on warfarin therapy asks about diet. The nurse should advise consistent intake of which vitamin?
Answer: Vitamin K
Vitamin K directly affects warfarin's anticoagulant effect; consistent (not eliminated) intake of vitamin K-rich foods keeps INR stable.
A low-purine diet is prescribed for a patient with which condition?
Answer: Gout
Gout is caused by uric acid crystal deposits in joints; purines break down into uric acid, so a low-purine diet reduces gout flares.
Which vitamin deficiency is most directly associated with night blindness?
Answer: Vitamin A
Vitamin A is essential for the synthesis of rhodopsin in retinal rods; deficiency impairs vision in low-light conditions.
A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis needs dietary restriction of which two nutrients?
Answer: Potassium and phosphorus
CKD patients cannot excrete potassium and phosphorus efficiently, leading to dangerous hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia.
The nurse is teaching a patient about iron-rich foods to treat iron-deficiency anemia. Which food is the best source of heme iron?
Answer: Lean beef
Heme iron from animal sources like lean beef is absorbed at a rate of 15–35%, significantly higher than non-heme iron from plant sources.
Which dietary modification is most appropriate for a patient with dumping syndrome after gastric surgery?
Answer: Small, frequent meals low in simple sugars without fluids at mealtime
Small frequent meals low in simple sugars and separating fluids from solids slows gastric emptying and reduces dumping syndrome symptoms.