LPN Diabetes Care: Glucose and Insulin 3

Question 1

A patient with diabetes is NPO for a procedure. The provider orders to hold all oral antidiabetic agents. Which insulin type is MOST likely to still be administered?

Accepted Answer

Basal (long-acting) insulin at a reduced dose

Answer

Rapid-acting insulin before each meal

Answer

Regular insulin sliding scale with every meal

Answer

No insulin of any type while the patient is NPO

Question 2

A patient's HbA1c result is 9.2%. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Average blood glucose has been elevated over the past 2–3 months

Answer

The patient's blood glucose was high at the time of the blood draw only

Answer

The patient is likely experiencing frequent hypoglycemic episodes

Answer

The result is within normal limits for a person with diabetes

Question 3

Which of the following blood glucose values meets the ADA diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL on two separate occasions

Answer

Random blood glucose of 140 mg/dL without symptoms

Answer

Fasting plasma glucose of 110 mg/dL

Answer

2-hour OGTT glucose of 130 mg/dL

Question 4

A patient with type 1 diabetes is found unresponsive with a blood glucose of 32 mg/dL. The LPN cannot establish IV access. What is the most appropriate next step?

Accepted Answer

Administer glucagon intramuscularly per protocol

Answer

Apply oral glucose gel to the patient's gums

Answer

Give orange juice through a straw

Answer

Administer insulin to counteract the underlying problem

Question 5

The nurse is preparing to administer insulin lispro (Humalog). When should this rapid-acting insulin be given relative to meals?

Accepted Answer

0–15 minutes before the meal or immediately after the first bite

Answer

30–45 minutes before the meal

Answer

1 hour after the meal

Answer

Only at bedtime regardless of meal schedule

Question 6

A diabetic patient's Somogyi effect is suspected. Which assessment finding supports this?

Accepted Answer

Elevated fasting glucose after documented nocturnal hypoglycemia

Answer

Steadily rising blood glucose throughout the entire day

Answer

Normal fasting glucose with postprandial spikes only

Answer

Low fasting glucose that remains low all morning

Question 7

Which foot-care instruction is most important for a patient with diabetic peripheral neuropathy?

Accepted Answer

Inspect feet daily for cuts, blisters, and redness because sensation is reduced

Answer

Soak feet in hot water for 20 minutes each evening to improve circulation

Answer

Cut toenails in a rounded shape to prevent ingrown nails

Answer

Walk barefoot indoors to promote natural foot movement