LPN - Certified Practical Nurse Physiological Adaptation Questions and Answers

Question 1

An LPN is assessing a client with suspected dehydration. Which of the following findings is a key physiological indicator of fluid volume deficit?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia and postural hypotension.

Answer

Bounding peripheral pulses and jugular vein distention.

Answer

Increased urine output with a low specific gravity.

Answer

Moist mucous membranes and normal skin turgor.

Question 2

A client with a chronic respiratory condition has developed respiratory acidosis. Which physiological adaptation will the body use to compensate for this acid-base imbalance over several days?

Accepted Answer

The kidneys will excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate.

Answer

The lungs will increase the rate and depth of respirations.

Answer

The kidneys will retain hydrogen ions and excrete bicarbonate.

Answer

Cellular buffers will immediately and fully correct the pH.

Question 3

During the alarm stage of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), which physiological response should the LPN anticipate in a client experiencing acute stress?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood glucose and heart rate.

Answer

Decreased heart rate and blood pressure.

Answer

Pupil constriction and increased salivation.

Answer

Decreased respiratory rate and muscle relaxation.

Question 4

An LPN is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who has chronic hypoxia. Which of the following laboratory results reflects a physiological adaptation to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Increased red blood cell count (polycythemia).

Answer

Decreased white blood cell count (leukopenia).

Answer

Decreased platelet count (thrombocytopenia).

Answer

Increased serum sodium level (hypernatremia).

Question 5

The LPN is observing a surgical wound and notes the formation of pink, healthy granulation tissue. This finding is a characteristic sign of which phase of wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Proliferative phase

Answer

Hemostasis phase

Answer

Inflammatory phase

Answer

Maturation phase

Question 6

Which of the following clients is at the highest risk for developing accidental hypothermia?

Accepted Answer

An 82-year-old client with hypothyroidism who lives in a poorly heated home.

Answer

A 30-year-old athlete who is jogging in 50°F (10°C) weather.

Answer

A 45-year-old client with a well-controlled diabetic diet.

Answer

A 25-year-old who is recovering from anesthesia in a warm post-operative unit.