Mixed Deck — All LOTE Topics Flashcards

In composition, what is a 'transitional sentence'?

Answer: A sentence that links the idea at the end of one paragraph to the idea at the beginning of the next

A transitional sentence connects ideas between paragraphs, helping readers move smoothly from one point to the next without abrupt shifts.

What is 'authentic text' in LOTE reading instruction?

Answer: Material originally created for native speakers of the target language, not simplified for learners

Authentic texts are created by and for native speakers of the target language, such as newspapers, menus, and literary works.

In a LOTE reading assessment, what does 'reading for gist' mean?

Answer: Quickly reading to understand the overall main idea without focusing on details

Reading for gist means getting a general sense of what a text is about without trying to understand every word.

What does 'inter-rater reliability' mean in language assessment?

Answer: The degree to which different examiners give the same score to the same performance

Inter-rater reliability measures the consistency of scores given by different evaluators to the same language performance, ensuring fairness and objectivity.

In the US context of LOTE education, what is 'heritage language learning'?

Answer: Learning a language spoken by ancestors or family members at home alongside English

Heritage language learning refers to the study of a language that a learner has a personal or familial connection to, often spoken at home alongside English.

What does 'multilingualism' mean in the context of language policy?

Answer: A social condition in which multiple languages are used within a community or country

Multilingualism refers to the coexistence and use of multiple languages within a society, community, or country — distinct from individual multilingual ability.

In US education, what is the purpose of language proficiency assessments like WIDA ACCESS?

Answer: To assess the English language development of English learners for accountability and instructional planning

WIDA ACCESS is an annual English language proficiency assessment used to measure the English language development of English learners and inform instructional decisions.

In written composition, what is an 'expository essay'?

Answer: An essay that objectively explains, informs, or describes a topic using facts and evidence

An expository essay explains a topic clearly and objectively using facts, examples, and analysis without expressing the writer's personal opinion.

Which of the following is an example of a conditional sentence expressing an unreal present situation?

Answer: If she studied, she would pass.

Second conditional sentences (If + past simple, would + infinitive) describe unreal or hypothetical present situations.

What is 'descriptive writing' in language composition?

Answer: Writing that uses sensory details to vividly portray a person, place, or experience

Descriptive writing uses vivid sensory details (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) to create a clear, engaging picture of the subject for the reader.

Which of the following are examples of absolute universals in languages?

Answer: Have consonants and vowels

An absolute universal is a linguistic feature found in all known human languages without exception. All languages are known to possess both consonants and vowels, which are the fundamental building blocks of speech sounds. While other options like 'most have nouns and verbs' are common, they are not absolute, as some languages might categorize words differently or lack distinct noun/verb classes in the same way.

What is 'syntax' in the study of a LOTE?

Answer: The rules governing the order and structure of words in sentences

Syntax refers to the set of rules that determine how words are combined and ordered to form grammatically correct sentences in a language.

In LOTE writing assessment, what does an 'analytic rubric' assess?

Answer: Multiple distinct writing dimensions such as vocabulary, grammar, content, and organization, each scored separately

An analytic rubric breaks writing evaluation into separate scored categories, giving detailed feedback on each aspect of the composition.

In reading comprehension, what is the 'main idea' of a passage?

Answer: The central point the author is making throughout the text

The main idea is the central argument or point that the author develops and supports throughout the entire passage.

In vocabulary instruction, what is a 'morpheme'?

Answer: The smallest unit of meaning in a language

A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language, such as a root, prefix, or suffix (e.g., 'un-,' 'friend,' '-ly').

Krashen's Affective Filter Hypothesis proposes that language acquisition can be blocked by:

Answer: High anxiety, low motivation, or low self-confidence

The Affective Filter Hypothesis holds that negative emotional states such as anxiety, low motivation, or low self-esteem create a mental barrier that impedes language acquisition.

What is the purpose of 'pre-reading activities' in a LOTE classroom?

Answer: To activate prior knowledge and prepare students to comprehend the upcoming text

Pre-reading activities build background knowledge, preview vocabulary, and set a purpose for reading, making the text more accessible.

Which term refers to the evolving linguistic system a second language learner constructs at any given point during the acquisition process?

Answer: Interlanguage

Interlanguage describes the transitional, learner-specific linguistic system that evolves as learners move toward target language proficiency.

What is 'inductive grammar instruction' in LOTE teaching?

Answer: Students discover grammar rules by analyzing examples and patterns in the target language

Inductive instruction has learners examine examples of language use and figure out the underlying grammar rule themselves before it is explicitly stated.

What is 'brainstorming' as a prewriting strategy in LOTE writing instruction?

Answer: Generating as many ideas as possible on a topic without judging them, before selecting and organizing them for writing

Brainstorming is a free-flowing idea generation process where quantity and creativity are prioritized before evaluation and organization.