LOTE Grammar and Syntax Flashcards

What is 'recasting' as a grammar correction technique in LOTE instruction?

Answer: Restating a student's incorrect utterance in the correct target language form without explicitly flagging the error

Recasting is an implicit correction technique where the teacher reformulates the student's error correctly, allowing the conversation to continue naturally.

What type of grammar activity asks LOTE students to fill in missing words in a passage?

Answer: Cloze exercise

A cloze exercise presents a text with words removed at regular intervals, requiring students to supply appropriate words based on grammar and context.

What is 'output hypothesis' and how does it relate to LOTE grammar development?

Answer: Swain's theory that producing language in speaking or writing forces learners to notice and correct gaps in their grammatical knowledge

Swain's output hypothesis argues that producing the target language pushes learners to notice what they don't know and to develop more precise grammatical knowledge.

What grammatical category describes words that modify nouns by providing more information about them in a LOTE?

Answer: Adjectives

Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns, providing information about quality, quantity, or identity.

In LOTE instruction, what does 'implicit grammar learning' involve?

Answer: Acquiring grammar rules through exposure and use without explicit explanation of the rules

Implicit grammar learning occurs when learners internalize grammatical patterns naturally through meaningful exposure and practice, without formal rule instruction.

What is 'the subjunctive mood' and why is it challenging for American LOTE learners?

Answer: A verb form used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical situations — challenging because English rarely uses it

The subjunctive is a grammatical mood used in many LOTEs to express wishes, doubts, emotions, or hypothetical conditions — a concept largely absent from modern English.