LNAT Ethical and Moral Reasoning 2

Question 1

The 'trolley problem' thought experiment is designed primarily to explore which ethical question?

Accepted Answer

Whether it is morally permissible to harm one person to save many

Answer

The trolley problem tests whether it is morally acceptable to cause direct harm to one person in order to save a greater number, probing utilitarian versus deontological moral intuitions.

Question 2

Civil disobedience as described by Thoreau and practiced by Martin Luther King Jr. rests on the moral claim that:

Accepted Answer

Individuals have a moral duty to resist laws they believe are fundamentally unjust

Answer

Civil disobedience is grounded in the moral claim that individuals retain a conscience-based duty to resist unjust laws, even while accepting legal consequences.

Question 3

In law, the 'reasonable person' standard primarily serves to:

Accepted Answer

Apply an objective ethical benchmark to evaluate individual conduct

Answer

The 'reasonable person' standard provides an objective ethical and behavioral benchmark against which a defendant's conduct is measured, linking legal liability to shared moral expectations.

Question 4

Natural law theory, as articulated by thinkers like Aquinas, holds that:

Accepted Answer

Human-made laws derive legitimacy from conformity to universal moral principles

Answer

Natural law theory holds that human law must conform to universal moral principles discoverable by reason; laws that violate these principles lack true moral authority.

Question 5

A government passes a law producing great economic benefits for the majority but systematically disadvantaging a minority group. Which ethical framework would most clearly object on grounds of rights?

Accepted Answer

Rights-based (deontological) theory

Answer

Rights-based theory holds that individuals possess rights that cannot be violated even for majority benefit, making this law impermissible regardless of aggregate outcomes.

LNAT - Law National Aptitude Test Practice Test

LNAT - Law National Aptitude Test Practice Test

LNAT Ethical and Moral Reasoning 2