Lean Six Sigma Green Belt DMAIC: Analyze Phase Techniques 1 Flashcards
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Which statistical technique is used in the Analyze phase to determine how much of the total variation in a process is attributable to measurement system error?
Answer: Gauge R&R study
Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility (Gauge R&R) quantifies measurement system variation by separating it from actual process variation, ensuring that observed defects reflect true process issues rather than measurement error.
In the Analyze phase, a process capability index (Cpk) of 0.85 indicates that the process is:
Answer: Not capable, as it falls below the minimum acceptable threshold of 1.0
A Cpk below 1.0 means the process cannot consistently produce output within specification limits. The industry standard minimum for a capable process is Cpk ≥ 1.0, with 1.33 or higher considered fully capable.
What is the primary purpose of a multi-vari chart in the Analyze phase?
Answer: To visually identify and compare sources of variation such as positional, cyclical, and temporal
A multi-vari chart displays variation from multiple sources simultaneously, allowing teams to identify which family of variation (positional, cyclical, or temporal) is the dominant contributor to process inconsistency.
During an Analyze phase regression study, an R² value of 0.92 means that:
Answer: 92% of the variation in the output variable is explained by the input variable(s) in the model
R² (coefficient of determination) represents the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent variable(s). An R² of 0.92 indicates a strong model fit.
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'stratification' as used in the Analyze phase?
Answer: Separating data into distinct groups or categories to identify patterns or differences between subgroups
Stratification involves breaking data into subgroups (e.g., by shift, machine, operator, or material lot) to reveal hidden patterns or differences that are masked when all data is combined, helping isolate root causes.
In a 5 Whys analysis performed during the Analyze phase, what signals that you have likely reached the root cause?
Answer: The answer points to a systemic issue such as a missing process, policy, or standard rather than a symptom
The goal of 5 Whys is to drill past symptoms to a systemic root cause — typically a missing standard, inadequate training, flawed process design, or absent control. Reaching a correctable system-level cause signals you have found the true root.