DMAIC: Measure Phase Tools Flashcards
6 cards from real Lean Six Sigma Green Belt Certification practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 DMAIC: Measure Phase Tools flashcards as text
A project team is trying to determine if their measurement system is adequate for a project. They have several operators measure the same set of parts multiple times. What tool are they using and what are they primarily trying to assess?
Answer: Gage R&R study; to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the measurement system.
A Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (Gage R&R) study is a Measurement System Analysis (MSA) technique that assesses the precision of a measurement system. It quantifies the amount of variation contributed by the measurement equipment (repeatability) and the operators (reproducibility) to determine if the system is suitable for its intended use.
Which of the following is the MOST important reason for creating a detailed Data Collection Plan during the Measure phase?
Answer: To provide a structured and consistent approach to gathering valid data relevant to the project metrics.
A Data Collection Plan is a crucial tool created in the Measure phase to ensure that the data collected is reliable, relevant, and gathered consistently. It outlines what will be measured, how it will be measured, by whom, and where, thereby ensuring the integrity of the data used to establish a baseline and for later analysis.
A team calculates a process capability index (Cp) of 1.5 and a process capability ratio (Cpk) of 0.8. What does this combination of values indicate about the process?
Answer: The process has low variation but is not centered between the specification limits.
Cp measures the potential capability, indicating if the process spread is narrow enough to fit within the specification limits. A Cp of 1.5 is greater than the common threshold of 1.33, suggesting the process has low variation (good potential). Cpk measures the actual capability, accounting for how centered the process is. A Cpk below 1.0 (like 0.8) indicates the process is not centered and is producing defects because it's too close to one of the specification limits.
To ensure that all team members collecting data on 'customer satisfaction' have the same understanding of what constitutes a 'satisfied' versus an 'unsatisfied' customer, the team should develop a(n):
Answer: Operational Definition
An operational definition is a clear, precise, and detailed description of a measure. It removes ambiguity and ensures that different people collecting data will do so consistently, which is critical for obtaining reliable data in the Measure phase.
A key output of the Measure phase is establishing the current process performance before any improvements are made. What is this output officially called?
Answer: The Process Baseline
The primary goal of the Measure phase is to collect data to quantify the current state of the process. This quantified current state is known as the process baseline, which serves as the starting point against which all future improvements will be compared.
Which of the following tools is used to stratify data and show the frequency of occurrence for different categories of a problem, helping a team prioritize focus areas in the Measure phase?
Answer: Pareto Chart
A Pareto Chart is a bar chart where the values are plotted in descending order of relative frequency. It is based on the Pareto principle (80/20 rule) and is used to identify the vital few sources that are responsible for causing most of a problem's effects. It is a key tool for prioritizing efforts.