LARE Master Planning and Design Flashcards

A landscape architect discovers a previously unknown archaeological site during master plan site analysis. The appropriate first action is to:

Answer: Halt ground disturbance in that area and notify the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO)

Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act requires consultation with SHPO before any ground disturbance that could affect historic properties.

Under the Clean Water Act Section 404, a landscape architect planning to fill wetlands must obtain a permit from:

Answer: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Section 404 of the Clean Water Act authorizes the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to issue permits for dredge-and-fill activities in waters of the United States, including wetlands.

A 'form-based code' differs from conventional Euclidean zoning primarily by:

Answer: Regulating building form, frontage, and spatial relationships rather than use categories alone

Form-based codes prioritize the physical form and character of the built environment—facades, street relationships, massing—over segregating land uses.

In master planning, a 'Transfer of Development Rights' (TDR) program allows:

Answer: Development potential to be sold from a sending zone (conservation area) to a receiving zone (growth area)

TDR programs protect sensitive lands by allowing their development rights to be sold to developers in designated growth areas, compensating landowners without public purchase.

Which document in the master plan process formally records the client's spatial, functional, and performance requirements before design begins?

Answer: Program of requirements (design program)

The design program documents the client's quantified needs—square footage, user counts, activities, adjacencies—as the measurable basis for evaluating design solutions.

A 'viewshed analysis' in master planning is used primarily to:

Answer: Determine which areas are visually exposed to or screened from key observation points

Viewshed analysis uses topography and GIS to map areas visible from specific vantage points, guiding siting decisions to protect scenic resources or screen unsightly uses.

In a master plan cost estimate, which category typically represents the LARGEST share of total project budget for a large urban park?

Answer: Site preparation and earthwork

Earthwork—grading, excavation, fill, and compaction—is typically the largest single cost line item on large park projects due to equipment and material volumes.