LARAVEL Eloquent ORM & Database Flashcards

What class must a Laravel Eloquent model extend?

Answer: Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model

All Eloquent models must extend the base Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model class to gain ORM functionality.

Which Eloquent method retrieves all records from a database table?

Answer: Model::all()

Model::all() returns an Eloquent Collection containing every record in the model's corresponding database table.

What is the purpose of the `$fillable` property in an Eloquent model?

Answer: To whitelist attributes that are mass-assignable

The $fillable array guards against mass-assignment vulnerabilities by explicitly allowing only listed attributes to be set via create() or fill().

Which Eloquent method finds a model by its primary key and throws an exception if not found?

Answer: findOrFail()

findOrFail() retrieves a model by primary key and throws a ModelNotFoundException if no record exists.

How do you define a one-to-many relationship in Eloquent from the parent model?

Answer: public function children() { return $this->hasMany(Child::class); }

The hasMany() method defines a one-to-many relationship where the current model is the parent with multiple related records.

What does eager loading with `with()` prevent in Laravel?

Answer: The N+1 query problem

Eager loading via with() loads related models in a fixed number of queries rather than issuing a new query for each parent record, solving the N+1 problem.