Soil Science and Site Analysis Flashcards

What does 'N-P-K' stand for on a fertilizer label?

Answer: Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium

N-P-K represents the three primary macronutrients — nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium — listed as percentages by weight.

What soil condition does a low pH (below 5.5) most commonly cause in landscape plants?

Answer: Nutrient deficiencies due to reduced availability of key elements

At pH below 5.5, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium become less available, causing nutrient deficiencies even when present in the soil.

What is the purpose of organic matter (compost) in landscape soil preparation?

Answer: To improve soil structure, water retention, drainage, and nutrient availability

Organic matter improves both drainage in clay soils and water retention in sandy soils while feeding soil microorganisms.

Which site analysis factor must be determined before locating any underground irrigation or electrical lines?

Answer: Underground utility locations via 811 (Call Before You Dig)

Calling 811 is legally required before digging in most US states to locate buried utility lines and prevent damage.

What is 'solar aspect' and why does it matter in landscape site analysis?

Answer: The direction a slope faces, determining sun exposure intensity and duration

A south-facing slope receives more intense sun and heat, while north-facing slopes stay cooler and moister, influencing plant selection.

What does 'bioavailability' mean in the context of soil nutrients for landscape plants?

Answer: The portion of a soil nutrient that plants can actually absorb and use

Bioavailability depends on soil pH, moisture, and microbial activity — a nutrient present in soil may still be unavailable to plants.