Hardscape Design Flashcards

What is 'hardscape' in landscape design?

Answer: Non-living structural elements such as patios, walkways, walls, and driveways

Hardscape refers to the non-living, constructed elements of a landscape including patios, walkways, retaining walls, driveways, and other built structures.

What is the minimum recommended slope (cross-slope) for a paved patio surface to ensure proper drainage?

Answer: 1–2% slope away from structures

Paved patios should slope at 1–2% (1/8 to 1/4 inch per foot) away from buildings to direct water runoff and prevent pooling or foundation damage.

What type of retaining wall system uses interlocking concrete blocks without mortar?

Answer: Segmental retaining wall

Segmental retaining walls use dry-stacked, interlocking concrete blocks that rely on the weight and batter (backward lean) of the system for structural stability.

What is 'frost heave' and how does it affect hardscape installations in northern US climates?

Answer: The upward movement of soil and hardscape caused by freezing water expanding beneath the surface

Frost heave occurs when water in the soil freezes and expands, pushing hardscape elements upward, causing cracking, displacement, and uneven surfaces.

What is the purpose of a 'compacted gravel base' beneath paver installations?

Answer: To provide a stable, well-drained foundation that prevents settling and frost heave

A compacted gravel base provides a stable, freely draining foundation beneath pavers, reducing settling, frost heave, and surface unevenness over time.

Which material is most commonly used for edging to keep mulch beds and paver installations separated?

Answer: Steel, aluminum, or plastic landscape edging

Steel, aluminum, or flexible plastic landscape edging is installed at the perimeter of beds and hardscape to create a clean border and prevent mulch or soil migration.