Landscape Design Hardscape Design

Question 1

What is 'hardscape' in landscape design?

Accepted Answer

Non-living structural elements such as patios, walkways, walls, and driveways

Answer

Hardscape refers to the non-living, constructed elements of a landscape including patios, walkways, retaining walls, driveways, and other built structures.

Question 2

What is the minimum recommended slope (cross-slope) for a paved patio surface to ensure proper drainage?

Accepted Answer

1–2% slope away from structures

Answer

Paved patios should slope at 1–2% (1/8 to 1/4 inch per foot) away from buildings to direct water runoff and prevent pooling or foundation damage.

Question 3

What type of retaining wall system uses interlocking concrete blocks without mortar?

Accepted Answer

Segmental retaining wall

Answer

Segmental retaining walls use dry-stacked, interlocking concrete blocks that rely on the weight and batter (backward lean) of the system for structural stability.

Question 4

What is 'frost heave' and how does it affect hardscape installations in northern US climates?

Accepted Answer

The upward movement of soil and hardscape caused by freezing water expanding beneath the surface

Answer

Frost heave occurs when water in the soil freezes and expands, pushing hardscape elements upward, causing cracking, displacement, and uneven surfaces.

Question 5

What is the purpose of a 'compacted gravel base' beneath paver installations?

Accepted Answer

To provide a stable, well-drained foundation that prevents settling and frost heave

Answer

A compacted gravel base provides a stable, freely draining foundation beneath pavers, reducing settling, frost heave, and surface unevenness over time.

Landscape Design Practice Test

Landscape Design Practice Test

Landscape Design Hardscape Design