Landscape Design Hardscape Design

Question 1

What is 'hardscape' in landscape design?

Accepted Answer

Non-living structural elements such as patios, walkways, walls, and driveways

Answer

Plants and trees used in a landscape

Answer

Difficult terrain requiring specialized planting

Answer

Commercial-grade landscaping equipment

Question 2

What is the minimum recommended slope (cross-slope) for a paved patio surface to ensure proper drainage?

Accepted Answer

1–2% slope away from structures

Answer

0% — patios must be perfectly level

Answer

0.5–1% slope

Answer

5–8% slope

Question 3

What type of retaining wall system uses interlocking concrete blocks without mortar?

Accepted Answer

Segmental retaining wall

Answer

Cantilever wall

Answer

Gravity wall

Answer

Sheet pile wall

Question 4

What is 'frost heave' and how does it affect hardscape installations in northern US climates?

Accepted Answer

The upward movement of soil and hardscape caused by freezing water expanding beneath the surface

Answer

The expansion of pavement due to summer heat

Answer

Damage to concrete from road salts in winter

Answer

The settling of retaining walls due to soil erosion

Question 5

What is the purpose of a 'compacted gravel base' beneath paver installations?

Accepted Answer

To provide a stable, well-drained foundation that prevents settling and frost heave

Answer

To add color contrast beneath the pavers

Answer

To make pavers easier to remove for replacement

Answer

To reflect heat and keep pavers cooler in summer

Question 6

Which material is most commonly used for edging to keep mulch beds and paver installations separated?

Accepted Answer

Steel, aluminum, or plastic landscape edging

Answer

PVC pipe

Answer

Pressure-treated lumber

Answer

Concrete pavers set vertically