Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine Flashcards
7 cards from real Laboratory Science practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine flashcards as text
Which acute transfusion reaction is the most severe and potentially life-threatening?
Answer: Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions, most often caused by ABO incompatibility, trigger complement activation that can lead to DIC, renal failure, and death.
Which laboratory test detects immunoglobulin or complement already bound to red blood cells in the patient's circulation?
Answer: Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)
The Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) detects IgG or complement components already coating the patient's circulating red blood cells.
TRALI (Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury) is primarily caused by:
Answer: Donor antibodies reactive against recipient HLA or granulocyte antigens
TRALI is triggered by donor antibodies (or bioactive lipids from stored blood) that activate recipient neutrophils in the pulmonary vasculature, causing non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
When blood is needed before compatibility testing can be completed, the standard emergency release product is:
Answer: Type O negative uncrossmatched blood
O negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh(D) antigens and is least likely to cause a hemolytic reaction in recipients of any ABO/Rh type.
Which set of findings is most consistent with an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
Answer: Hemoglobinuria, fever, flank pain, and hypotension during transfusion
Acute hemolytic reactions cause intravascular hemolysis with hemoglobinuria, fever, flank pain, and hemodynamic instability occurring during or immediately after transfusion.
The Kleihauer-Betke test is used to:
Answer: Quantify fetal red blood cells in maternal circulation
The Kleihauer-Betke test quantifies fetal hemoglobin-containing cells in maternal blood to calculate the correct dose of Rh immune globulin after fetomaternal hemorrhage.
Washed red blood cells are most specifically indicated for which patient population?
Answer: Patients with IgA deficiency and anti-IgA antibodies
IgA-deficient patients with anti-IgA antibodies can experience severe anaphylaxis from plasma proteins in blood products; washing removes plasma including IgA.