Keystone Test Biology: Genetics and Evolution 3

Question 1

What is the role of RNA polymerase during transcription?

Accepted Answer

Unwinds DNA and synthesizes an mRNA strand

Answer

RNA polymerase reads the DNA template strand and synthesizes a complementary mRNA molecule.

Question 2

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

No gene flow between populations

Answer

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires no gene flow, no mutation, random mating, large population size, and no selection.

Question 3

Which term describes the evolutionary process by which two species each evolve in response to changes in the other?

Accepted Answer

Coevolution

Answer

Coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution, as in predator-prey or host-parasite relationships.

Question 4

A DNA strand reads 3'-TACGGA-5'. What is the complementary mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUGCCU-3'

Answer

mRNA is synthesized antiparallel to the DNA template, replacing thymine (T) with uracil (U): 3'-TACGGA-5' → 5'-AUGCCU-3'.

Question 5

What type of chromosomal mutation results in a segment being transferred to a non-homologous chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Translocation

Answer

Translocation moves a chromosomal segment to a different, non-homologous chromosome.

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