Keystone Test Biology: Cell Processes/Transport 2

Question 1

A cell is placed in a solution where the solute concentration outside is higher than inside the cell. Which term describes this external solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Answer

A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell's interior, causing water to leave the cell by osmosis.

Question 2

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in which order of stages?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Krebs cycle → electron transport chain

Answer

Glycolysis occurs first in the cytoplasm, followed by the Krebs cycle and then the electron transport chain in the mitochondria.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

The mitochondrion is the site of the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain, producing the majority of ATP in aerobic respiration.

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in distilled water. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and potentially burst

Answer

Distilled water is hypotonic relative to the cell, so water enters by osmosis causing the red blood cell to swell and potentially lyse.

Question 5

Which process moves substances across the cell membrane WITHOUT using energy, moving from high to low concentration?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Passive diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient from high to low concentration without requiring cellular energy.

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