JLPT Sentence Structure and Cohesion 4 โ Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of these sentences correctly uses ใใซๅฏพใใฆ to express 'toward' or 'regarding' someone?
- ๅญฆ็ใซๅฏพใใฆใๅ ็ใฏๅณใใ (The teacher is strict toward students) (Correct answer)
- ๅญฆๆ กใซๅฏพใใฆ่กใ (I go toward school)
- ๅ้ใซๅฏพใใฆไผใ (I meet my friend)
- ๆฌใซๅฏพใใฆ่ชญใ (I read a book)
Correct answer: ๅญฆ็ใซๅฏพใใฆใๅ ็ใฏๅณใใ (The teacher is strict toward students)
ใใซๅฏพใใฆ expresses an attitude or action directed toward a person or group.
Question 2: In the structure ใใใใซ, when does it express purpose (in order to) vs. cause (because of)?
- It always expresses cause
- It expresses purpose when the preceding verb is in dictionary form, and cause when using ใ-form or nouns (Correct answer)
- It always expresses purpose
- It depends solely on the subject of the sentence
Correct answer: It expresses purpose when the preceding verb is in dictionary form, and cause when using ใ-form or nouns
Dictionary form + ใใใซ = purpose (in order to), while ใ-form or noun + ใใใซ = cause or reason (because of).
Question 3: Which sentence correctly uses ใใใใใฐ to mean 'if only... then...'?
- ใ้ใใใใใฐใๆ ่กใงใใ (If only I had money, I could travel) (Correct answer)
- ใ้ใใใใใจใๆ ่กใงใใ
- ใ้ใใใใฃใฆใๆ ่กใงใใ
- ใ้ใใใใใใใๆ ่กใงใใ
Correct answer: ใ้ใใใใใฐใๆ ่กใงใใ (If only I had money, I could travel)
ใใใใใฐ means 'if only X, then Y is possible,' and requires the ใฐ conditional form.
Question 4: What does ใใใใซใฏใใใชใ express in a sentence?
- Impossibility due to physical inability
- Something that cannot be done due to social, moral, or situational obligation (Correct answer)
- A strong desire not to do something
- An unexpected negative outcome
Correct answer: Something that cannot be done due to social, moral, or situational obligation
ใใใใซใฏใใใชใ expresses that one cannot do something because social norms, circumstances, or responsibilities make it unacceptable.
Question 5: Which structure expresses that something is 'about to happen' or 'on the verge of happening'?
- ใใฆใใใจใใใ
- ใใใจใใใ
- ใใใใจใใฆใใใจใใใ
- ใใใจใใใ (Correct answer)
Correct answer: ใใใจใใใ
Dictionary form + ใจใใใ indicates that an action is just about to begin.
Question 6: In the sentence ใๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฅใใใใใใชใใ, what level of certainty does ใใใใใชใ convey?
- High certainty (almost definitely)
- Moderate possibility (maybe / might) (Correct answer)
- Zero possibility (definitely not)
- Polite assertion (I believe)
Correct answer: Moderate possibility (maybe / might)
ใใใใใชใ expresses uncertainty and moderate possibility, equivalent to 'might' or 'maybe' in English.
Question 7: What is the primary difference between ใใฆใ and ใใฎใซ when both express 'even though'?
- ใใฆใ is factual and neutral; ใใฎใซ carries emotional nuance like regret or frustration (Correct answer)
- ใใฎใซ is factual; ใใฆใ always expresses surprise
- They are completely interchangeable with no nuance difference
- ใใฆใ can only be used in questions
Correct answer: ใใฆใ is factual and neutral; ใใฎใซ carries emotional nuance like regret or frustration
ใใฆใ concedes a fact neutrally ('even if/though'), while ใใฎใซ adds the speaker's emotional reaction such as disappointment.
JLPT Sentence Structure and Cohesion 4
Which of these sentences correctly uses ใใซๅฏพใใฆ to express 'toward' or 'regarding' someone?