Sentence Structure and Cohesion Flashcards

Which of these sentences correctly uses 〜に対して to express 'toward' or 'regarding' someone?

Answer: 学生に対して、先生は厳しい (The teacher is strict toward students)

〜に対して expresses an attitude or action directed toward a person or group.

In the structure 〜ために, when does it express purpose (in order to) vs. cause (because of)?

Answer: It expresses purpose when the preceding verb is in dictionary form, and cause when using た-form or nouns

Dictionary form + ために = purpose (in order to), while た-form or noun + ために = cause or reason (because of).

Which sentence correctly uses 〜さえ〜ば to mean 'if only... then...'?

Answer: お金さえあれば、旅行できる (If only I had money, I could travel)

〜さえ〜ば means 'if only X, then Y is possible,' and requires the ば conditional form.

What does 〜わけにはいかない express in a sentence?

Answer: Something that cannot be done due to social, moral, or situational obligation

〜わけにはいかない expresses that one cannot do something because social norms, circumstances, or responsibilities make it unacceptable.

Which structure expresses that something is 'about to happen' or 'on the verge of happening'?

Answer: 〜るところだ

Dictionary form + ところだ indicates that an action is just about to begin.

In the sentence 「彼女は来るかもしれない」, what level of certainty does かもしれない convey?

Answer: Moderate possibility (maybe / might)

かもしれない expresses uncertainty and moderate possibility, equivalent to 'might' or 'maybe' in English.

What is the primary difference between 〜ても and 〜のに when both express 'even though'?

Answer: 〜ても is factual and neutral; 〜のに carries emotional nuance like regret or frustration

〜ても concedes a fact neutrally ('even if/though'), while 〜のに adds the speaker's emotional reaction such as disappointment.