Investigation and Evidence Collection Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Investigation and Evidence Collection flashcards as text
What is the legal standard for obtaining a search warrant in Canada?
Answer: Reasonable and probable grounds to believe evidence will be found
Canadian law requires reasonable and probable grounds — an objective standard based on credible information — to justify issuing a search warrant.
When multiple suspects are involved in a crime, why is it important to interview them separately?
Answer: To prevent them from aligning or influencing each other's accounts
Separate interviews prevent suspects from hearing each other's accounts and aligning stories, helping investigators identify inconsistencies and evaluate credibility.
What is a 'canvass' in the context of an investigation?
Answer: Systematic questioning of people in the area near the crime
A neighborhood or area canvass involves systematically contacting and questioning individuals who may have witnessed relevant events or have useful information.
Which of the following best describes 'investigative bias' and its danger?
Answer: Prematurely focusing on one suspect while ignoring alternatives
Investigative bias occurs when investigators prematurely focus on a theory or suspect, causing them to discount contradictory evidence and risk wrongful conviction.
What is the purpose of a 'toxicology report' in a death investigation?
Answer: To detect the presence of drugs, alcohol, or poisons in the body
A toxicology report analyzes biological samples to detect substances such as drugs, alcohol, or poisons that may have contributed to or caused death.
When is an investigator required to disclose their notes to defense counsel in Canada?
Answer: As part of Crown disclosure obligations before trial
Under the Stinchcombe disclosure rules, all relevant information including investigator notes must be disclosed to the defense as part of Crown disclosure obligations.
What is the difference between a 'fact witness' and an 'expert witness' in legal proceedings?
Answer: A fact witness testifies to personal observations; an expert witness provides opinion evidence
A fact witness testifies only to what they personally observed, while an expert witness is qualified to provide opinion evidence interpreting facts beyond ordinary knowledge.
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