Black-Box Test Design Flashcards

A tester applies cause-effect graphing to a module and then derives test cases from it. What intermediate artifact is typically produced?

Answer: A decision table

Cause-effect graphing converts the logic of causes and effects into a decision table, from which test cases are derived.

Which coverage criterion ensures that every valid and invalid equivalence class is exercised at least once?

Answer: Equivalence partition coverage

Equivalence partition coverage requires at least one test for each identified valid and invalid partition.

A shopping cart applies a 10% discount when the order total is between $50 and $99, and a 20% discount for $100 or more. Using EP, how many valid partitions exist for the discount logic?

Answer: 3

Three valid partitions exist: below $50 (no discount), $50–$99 (10%), and $100+ (20%).

In state transition testing, which coverage level requires that every valid transition be exercised at least once?

Answer: 0-switch coverage

0-switch (transition) coverage requires executing every individual valid state transition at least once.

A form field accepts months of the year as integers. Which value would be in an INVALID equivalence class?

Answer: 13

Valid months are 1–12; the value 13 falls outside this range and belongs to an invalid equivalence class.

Which black-box technique is BEST suited for testing complex business rules involving multiple conditions and their combinations?

Answer: Decision table testing

Decision table testing systematically covers all combinations of conditions and their resulting actions, ideal for complex business logic.

A pairwise (all-pairs) testing tool is used to reduce test cases for a feature with 5 parameters. What is the primary goal of this approach?

Answer: Cover every combination of any two parameter values

Pairwise testing ensures every pair of parameter values is covered at least once, significantly reducing the total number of test cases.