Video Standards & Signal Processing Flashcards

What is the active line period in a 1080i/60 signal?

Answer: The time during which picture content is transmitted on each line

The active line period is the portion of each horizontal line interval during which actual picture (luminance and chrominance) data is transmitted.

In HDMI, what does the term 'deep color' refer to?

Answer: Higher color bit depth beyond 8 bits per channel (e.g., 10 or 12 bits)

Deep color in HDMI refers to color bit depths greater than 8 bits per channel, allowing 10, 12, or 16 bits per channel to reduce banding.

Which chroma subsampling scheme retains the most color information?

Answer: 4:4:4

4:4:4 subsampling samples both luma and both chroma channels at full horizontal and vertical resolution, preserving all color detail.

What is the purpose of pre-emphasis in video signal transmission?

Answer: To boost high-frequency components before transmission to compensate for cable losses

Pre-emphasis boosts high-frequency signal components before transmission so that after the cable attenuates those frequencies, a flat response is restored.

What does the CIE 1931 xy chromaticity diagram represent?

Answer: A 2D map of all colors visible to the human eye, independent of luminance

The CIE 1931 xy chromaticity diagram plots all perceivable colors as a 2D horseshoe shape, with luminance (Y) factored out.

In SDI (Serial Digital Interface), what is the function of cable equalization?

Answer: To compensate for high-frequency attenuation introduced by long cable runs

Cable equalization at the SDI receiver boosts attenuated high frequencies so that the signal's frequency response is flat after passing through a long cable.

Which standard defines the color primaries and transfer function used by HDR10?

Answer: ITU-R BT.2020 primaries with SMPTE ST 2084 (PQ) transfer function

HDR10 uses the wide-gamut BT.2020 color primaries combined with the Perceptual Quantizer (PQ) transfer function defined in SMPTE ST 2084.