Critical Thinking and Data Interpretation Flashcards

What is a 'hasty generalization' as a logical fallacy?

Answer: Drawing a broad conclusion from too little evidence or too few examples

A hasty generalization occurs when someone draws a sweeping conclusion from an insufficient number of examples.

When analyzing an author's argument on ISASP, what should you look for?

Answer: The claim, the evidence used to support it, and the reasoning connecting them

A complete argument has a claim (position), evidence (facts/data/examples), and reasoning (logical connection between them).

What does 'relevant evidence' mean in the context of ISASP writing tasks?

Answer: Evidence that directly supports the specific claim being made, not just related to the general topic

Relevant evidence specifically supports the exact claim you are making, not merely the broad topic area.

In a pie chart showing percentages, what must all the sections add up to?

Answer: 100%

A pie chart represents a whole divided into parts, so all sections must together equal 100% of the whole.

What does 'bias' in an informational source mean?

Answer: A tendency to favor one perspective or viewpoint over others, potentially affecting objectivity

Bias involves a preference or prejudice that skews how information is presented, potentially misleading readers.

What is the most reliable approach to answering ISASP text-dependent questions?

Answer: Return to the text to find specific evidence before choosing or writing your answer

Text-dependent questions require answers grounded in the specific passage, not general knowledge or assumptions.