Mixed Deck — All IKM Topics Flashcards

A company's database contains a single 'Projects' table with columns for ProjectID, ProjectName, EmployeeID, EmployeeName, and EmployeeDepartment. This design leads to the employee's name and department being repeated for every project they are assigned to. This is an example of a violation of which database normalization form?

Answer: Second Normal Form (2NF)

This design violates Second Normal Form (2NF). 2NF is violated when a non-key attribute (like EmployeeName or EmployeeDepartment) is dependent on only a part of the composite primary key. In a potential 'Project_Assignments' table with a composite key of (ProjectID, EmployeeID), the employee details are dependent only on EmployeeID, not the full key. To fix this, you would create separate tables for Employees and Projects.

What is the purpose of an IDS?

Answer: Monitor traffic for suspicious activity and generate alerts

IDS monitors for malicious behavior and generates alerts but does not actively block.

What is the primary advantage of a microkernel over a monolithic kernel?

Answer: Better modularity and fault isolation

Microkernels move drivers and services to user space, providing better fault isolation.

What is growth mindset vs fixed mindset?

Answer: Growth believes abilities develop; fixed believes they are innate

Growth mindset believes abilities develop through effort; fixed mindset believes they are innate.

Which protocol dynamically shares VLAN information between switches?

Answer: VTP

VTP allows switches to propagate VLAN configurations across a Layer 2 network.

Two team members have a public disagreement about the best technical approach for a project. The discussion is becoming disruptive. As a fellow team member not directly involved, which of the following is the most professional and constructive first step?

Answer: Suggest they take a short break and discuss the issue privately to find a common ground.

This approach is constructive because it encourages professional communication and de-escalates the public tension. It empowers the individuals to resolve their own conflict directly, which is a key aspect of a high-functioning team.

What are the main types of performance testing?

Answer: Load, stress, endurance, and spike testing

Performance testing includes load, stress, endurance, and spike testing under various conditions.

What is scope creep?

Answer: Uncontrolled expansion of scope without adjusting time or cost

Scope creep is uncontrolled growth through incremental unapproved changes.

Which of the following is the primary purpose of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) in IT project management?

Answer: To provide a hierarchical decomposition of the project's total scope of work.

The primary purpose of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is to break down the total project scope into smaller, more manageable components called work packages. It is a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project team. While it serves as a key input for scheduling, resource assignment, and cost estimation, its core function is to define and organize the project's scope.

What is the primary purpose of a DMZ in network architecture?

Answer: To provide a buffer zone between the internal network and the internet

A DMZ is a perimeter network segment that sits between an organization's internal network and the untrusted external network.

What is the difference between a risk and an issue?

Answer: A risk is potential; an issue is a current problem

A risk is an uncertain future event; an issue is a problem that has materialized.

Which virtualization type runs directly on hardware without a host operating system?

Answer: Type 1 hypervisor

A Type 1 (bare-metal) hypervisor runs directly on the physical hardware without requiring a host OS.

Which conflict resolution style involves mutual concessions?

Answer: Compromising

Compromising involves both parties making concessions to reach middle ground.

What is the difference between overloading and overriding?

Answer: Overloading uses different parameters in same class; overriding redefines a parent method in subclass

Overloading provides same-name methods with different parameters; overriding redefines inherited methods.

What is groupthink?

Answer: Desire for harmony leads to poor decision-making

Groupthink occurs when consensus priority suppresses critical thinking.

What is the function of a VPN?

Answer: Create an encrypted tunnel over public networks

A VPN creates an encrypted tunnel ensuring data confidentiality and integrity.

What is RAID?

Answer: Technology combining multiple disks for performance, redundancy, or both

RAID combines multiple physical disks into a logical unit.

A system administrator needs to set the permissions on a critical configuration file, `config.conf`, so that the file's owner can read and write to it, members of the group can only read it, and all other users have no permissions at all. Which of the following `chmod` commands will accomplish this?

Answer: chmod 640 config.conf

The `chmod` command uses octal notation where Read=4, Write=2, and Execute=1. For the owner to have read and write permissions, the value is 4+2=6. For the group to have only read permissions, the value is 4. For others to have no permissions, the value is 0. Combining these gives the command `chmod 640`.

Which statement accurately distinguishes Abstraction from Encapsulation?

Answer: Abstraction focuses on showing essential features (the 'what'), while Encapsulation is the mechanism of bundling data and hiding the implementation details (the 'how').

Abstraction is a design-level concept that focuses on showing only necessary details to the outside world (what an object does). Encapsulation is an implementation-level mechanism that bundles data with the methods that operate on it and hides the internal state to protect it from outside interference (how it does it).

What is code coverage analysis?

Answer: Measuring what percentage of code is exercised by tests

Code coverage measures the percentage of code executed during testing.