ieGAT IE Global Admissions Test — Questions and Answers

Question 1: An executive argues: 'Our new product launch was a success because sales increased last quarter.' Which of the following most seriously weakens this argument?

Customer satisfaction scores were not measured.
The product was launched in only three markets.
Overall market sales for all competitors also increased last quarter due to seasonal demand. (Correct answer)
The marketing budget was higher than in previous quarters.

Correct answer: Overall market sales for all competitors also increased last quarter due to seasonal demand.

If all competitors also saw increased sales due to seasonal demand, the rise cannot be attributed specifically to the product launch.

Question 2: The survey respondents were reflective of the wider population of people who invest in property.

False
True
Cannot Tell (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Cannot Tell

Explanation: We have no means of knowing whether the people who responded to the survey were representative of the wider population of property investors. We know that the survey was conducted by a large insurance company but they may have been a very niche group of people. The answer is Cannot tell.

Question 3: A production line assembles a product in a specific, repeating sequence of steps: Install Gear (G), Attach Spring (S), Fix Casing (C), Insert Pin (P). A new rule is added: immediately after a Casing is fixed, an extra Quality Check (Q) must be performed. If the line has just completed inserting a Pin, what are the next three steps in the process?

G, S, Q
C, Q, P
G, S, C (Correct answer)
S, C, Q

Correct answer: G, S, C

The base sequence is G, S, C, P. The conditional rule adds a 'Q' after every 'C'. This creates a new, full repeating cycle: G, S, C, Q, P. Since the process has just finished the last step of this cycle (P), it will now restart from the beginning. Therefore, the next three steps are Gear (G), Spring (S), and Casing (C).

Question 4: The provided area chart shows the number of active users over 6 months for two mobile applications, App X and App Y. In which month was the absolute difference in active users between the two apps the smallest?

Month 4
Month 3
Month 5
Month 2 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Month 2

The absolute difference is the vertical distance between the two lines on the chart. By visually inspecting the graph, the lines for App X and App Y are closest together in Month 2, indicating the smallest difference in the number of active users.

Question 5: At a business conference, every attendee from a technology company received a blue lanyard. Every attendee with a blue lanyard was given a ticket to the networking dinner. Maria is an attendee at the conference who was not given a ticket to the networking dinner. What must be true about Maria?

Maria works for a consulting company.
Maria attended the conference on a one-day pass.
Maria does not work for a technology company. (Correct answer)
Maria did not receive a blue lanyard.

Correct answer: Maria does not work for a technology company.

This problem presents a deductive chain: Tech Company Attendee -> Blue Lanyard -> Dinner Ticket. The most certain conclusion comes from applying the contrapositive to the entire chain. If an attendee did NOT receive a dinner ticket, they must NOT be a tech company attendee. We can also deduce she did not have a blue lanyard, but the most foundational conclusion based on the entire logical flow is about her company type. We cannot know her actual company (A) or pass type (D).

Question 6: Statement: 'If the economy grows, unemployment falls. The economy has not grown. Therefore, unemployment has not fallen.' What type of reasoning error does this represent?

Affirming the consequent
Denying the antecedent (Correct answer)
Modus tollens
Modus ponens

Correct answer: Denying the antecedent

Denying the antecedent occurs when someone incorrectly concludes that because the condition is absent, the result must also be absent, ignoring other possible causes.

Question 7: Read the following passage and answer the question. 'In response to shifting consumer preferences, the automotive company Vectra Motors has announced it will phase out all its diesel engine models by the end of next year. The company's production facility in Spain, which currently produces both diesel and petrol models, will be retooled to exclusively manufacture petrol and hybrid vehicles. The production of all-electric vehicles will remain concentrated at their German facility. Vectra's CEO stated that while the company remains profitable, this strategic shift is essential for long-term growth.' Based only on the information provided, which of the following statements is definitively false?

The CEO of Vectra Motors is concerned about the company's short-term profitability.
Next year, Vectra's Spanish facility will produce diesel, petrol, and hybrid vehicles. (Correct answer)
Vectra Motors will produce petrol models in Spain next year.
After next year, Vectra Motors will produce vehicles in Germany.

Correct answer: Next year, Vectra's Spanish facility will produce diesel, petrol, and hybrid vehicles.

The passage says the Spanish facility 'will be retooled to exclusively manufacture petrol and hybrid vehicles' and that diesel models will be phased out 'by the end of next year'. This means that after the retooling, it will only produce petrol and hybrid models. The statement that it will produce all three types (diesel, petrol, hybrid) next year is therefore false, as the retooling is intended to make production exclusive to the latter two.

Question 8: There was an error in the calculations of the precipitation levels in Stockholm. The figure recorded in February is 15% higher than it should be. What’s the new percentage change in precipitation from February to March in Stockholm?

46%
41% (Correct answer)
44%
38%

Correct answer: 41%

Explanation: We need to calculate how much is 15% out of 25. (25x15)/100= 3.75 So the actual figure is 25 - 15% = 25 - 3.75 = 21.25 Hence using the percentage change (increase) formula, there is a (30-21.25)/21.25 = 0.41 = 41%

Question 9: A CEO says: 'Our competitor failed because they expanded too quickly. We must therefore never expand quickly.' Which flaw in reasoning does this illustrate?

Making a valid inductive inference based on sufficient evidence
Using circular reasoning to justify the existing strategy
Correctly applying a lesson learned from industry experience
Overgeneralizing from a single case to form a universal rule (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Overgeneralizing from a single case to form a universal rule

Drawing a universal rule ('never expand quickly') from one competitor's failure is an overgeneralization; rapid expansion succeeds in many other cases.

Question 10: Read the following passage and answer the question. 'The proliferation of gig economy platforms has created a paradigm shift in the labor market. Proponents argue that these platforms offer unparalleled flexibility and autonomy for workers, allowing them to choose their own hours and projects. They contend that this model lowers barriers to entry for individuals seeking supplemental income and fosters entrepreneurship. However, critics raise significant concerns about the erosion of traditional employment protections. They point to the lack of benefits such as health insurance and paid time off, the precariousness of income stability, and the classification of workers as independent contractors, which absolves companies of many employer-side responsibilities. The central debate, therefore, revolves around whether the gig economy is a path to worker empowerment or a mechanism for corporate exploitation.' Which of the following best summarizes the primary conflict described in the passage?

The disagreement on whether gig work offers more income than traditional jobs.
The debate over the classification of workers and its impact on their rights and benefits. (Correct answer)
The technical challenges associated with developing and maintaining gig economy platforms.
The conflict between established corporations and new tech startups.

Correct answer: The debate over the classification of workers and its impact on their rights and benefits.

The passage outlines two opposing views: one that celebrates the flexibility of the gig economy and one that criticizes its lack of worker protections. This core tension is rooted in the classification of workers as 'independent contractors,' which is the legal status that leads to the lack of benefits and protections mentioned. Therefore, this answer choice encapsulates the central debate accurately.

Question 11: A business school applicant argues: 'My GMAT score is in the 95th percentile, so I will definitely succeed in the MBA program.' Which assumption is most critical to examine?

GMAT scores are the sole determinant of MBA success. (Correct answer)
MBA programs are academically rigorous.
Other applicants also scored highly on the GMAT.
The applicant took the GMAT under standard conditions.

Correct answer: GMAT scores are the sole determinant of MBA success.

The argument implicitly treats a high GMAT score as a sufficient condition for MBA success, ignoring other critical factors like teamwork, leadership, and resilience.

Question 12: Observe the sequence of figures. Which of the answer choices correctly completes the sequence? Sequence: 1. A large square, oriented normally. Inside, a small shaded circle is in the top-left corner. 2. A large square rotated 45 degrees (a diamond). Inside, the small shaded circle is in the top-right corner. 3. A large square, oriented normally. Inside, the small shaded circle is in the bottom-right corner. 4. A large square rotated 45 degrees (a diamond). Inside, the small shaded circle is in the bottom-left corner.

A large diamond with a shaded circle in the top-right corner.
A large square with a shaded circle in the top-left corner. (Correct answer)
A large square with a shaded circle in the top-right corner.
A large diamond with a shaded circle in the bottom-right corner.

Correct answer: A large square with a shaded circle in the top-left corner.

The sequence follows two distinct patterns. First, the large square alternates between its normal orientation (0 degrees) and a 45-degree rotation. The pattern is Square, Diamond, Square, Diamond, so the next figure must be a Square. Second, the small shaded circle moves one corner clockwise in each step (top-left -> top-right -> bottom-right -> bottom-left). The next position in this clockwise cycle is the top-left corner. Therefore, the correct answer is a normal square with a shaded circle in the top-left corner.

Question 13: Which of the following best describes circular reasoning?

Assuming that what is true of the whole is true of each part.
Drawing a conclusion before examining all evidence.
Concluding that A causes B because B causes A.
Using a premise as its own evidence: 'This policy is good because it is beneficial.' (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Using a premise as its own evidence: 'This policy is good because it is beneficial.'

Circular reasoning (begging the question) uses the conclusion itself as a premise, offering no independent support for the claim.

Question 14: If total snowfall for the following January was predicted to increase by 20% from December in Val Thorens and Whistler and decrease by 15% in Tignes and Les Arcs, what would be the total snowfall across all the resorts next January?

120.5 cm (Correct answer)
115.5 cm
125.5 cm
110.5 cm

Correct answer: 120.5 cm

Explanation: Step 1: Calculate a 20% increase in the December snowfall in Val Thorens and Whistler: (30cm + 35cm) × 1.2 = 78cm Step 2: Calculate a 15% decrease in the December snowfall in Tignes and Les Arc: (20cm + 30cm) × 0.85 = 42.5cm Step 3: Add the two values together: Total = 120.5cm

Question 15: A company uses the following table to determine employee eligibility for a quarterly performance bonus. To qualify, an employee must achieve a 'Client Satisfaction' rating of 90% or higher AND complete at least 5 'Projects'. Based on the Q3 data provided, which employee is eligible for the bonus? | Employee | Units Sold (Q3) | Client Satisfaction (%) | Projects Completed | |----------|-----------------|-------------------------|--------------------| | Anna | 148 | 95% | 5 | | Ben | 162 | 88% | 6 | | Carla | 155 | 92% | 4 | | David | 170 | 91% | 5 |

David (Correct answer)
Ben
Carla
Anna

Correct answer: David

To qualify for the bonus, an employee must meet two criteria simultaneously: Client Satisfaction ≥ 90% AND Projects Completed ≥ 5. Let's evaluate each employee: - Anna: Fails on Projects Completed (has 5, but the question implies 'at least 5', let's re-read. Ah, 'at least 5' means 5 is included). Anna's satisfaction is 95% (≥90%) and projects are 5 (≥5). Anna qualifies. Let's check others. - Ben: Fails on Client Satisfaction (88% < 90%). - Carla: Fails on Projects Completed (4 < 5). - David: Satisfaction is 91% (≥90%) and projects are 5 (≥5). David qualifies. There seems to be an error in the initial logic, both Anna and David qualify. Let's adjust the data to make only one correct. Let's change Anna's projects to 4. New Table: | Employee | Units Sold (Q3) | Client Satisfaction (%) | Projects Completed | |----------|-----------------|-------------------------|--------------------| | Anna | 148 | 95% | 4 | | Ben | 162 | 88% | 6 | | Carla | 155 | 92% | 5 | | David | 170 | 85% | 5 | New Evaluation: - Anna: Fails on Projects Completed (4 < 5). - Ben: Fails on Client Satisfaction (88% < 90%). - Carla: Satisfaction is 92% (≥90%) and Projects are 5 (≥5). Carla qualifies. - David: Fails on Client Satisfaction (85% < 90%). This works. Let's finalize the question with this new data. Oh wait, I already have a 'Carla' as the right answer in my scratchpad. Let me use my original data and change David's satisfaction. Let's stick with the final version from the scratchpad to be safe. Final Final Table: | Employee | Units Sold (Q3) | Client Satisfaction (%) | Projects Completed | |----------|-----------------|-------------------------|--------------------| | Anna | 148 | 95% | 4 | | Ben | 162 | 88% | 6 | | Carla | 155 | 92% | 5 | | David | 170 | 85% | 5 | Explanation: Let's evaluate each employee against the two required criteria (Satisfaction ≥ 90% AND Projects ≥ 5): - Anna: Fails on Projects Completed (4 is less than 5). - Ben: Fails on Client Satisfaction (88% is less than 90%). - Carla: Meets both criteria (92% is ≥ 90% and 5 is ≥ 5). Therefore, Carla is eligible. - David: Fails on Client Satisfaction (85% is less than 90%).

Question 16: A logistics company categorizes shipments based on the following rules: A shipment is 'High Value' if its declared value is over €5,000. A shipment is 'Urgent' if its delivery timeframe is 24 hours or less. A shipment qualifies for 'Special Handling' only if it is both 'High Value' and 'Urgent'. Based on the manifest below, which shipment requires 'Special Handling'?

Shipment B (Correct answer)
Shipment C
Shipment D
Shipment A

Correct answer: Shipment B

To qualify for Special Handling, a shipment must meet two conditions: value > €5,000 AND timeframe ≤ 24 hours. Let's check each shipment: Shipment A: Value is high (€6,000) but timeframe is not urgent (48h). Fails. Shipment B: Value is high (€10,000) AND timeframe is urgent (24h). Qualifies. Shipment C: Value is not high (€4,500). Fails. Shipment D: Timeframe is urgent (12h) but value is not high (€5,000 is not *over* €5,000). Fails.

Question 17: The line graph below shows the monthly average temperature for City X over a year. During which of the following periods was the rate of temperature increase the greatest?

January to March
September to November
March to May (Correct answer)
May to July

Correct answer: March to May

The rate of increase is represented by the steepness of the line segment. Visually inspecting the graph, the line segment from March to May has the steepest positive slope, indicating the most rapid increase in average temperature.

Question 18: Observe the sequence of figures. A consistent set of transformations is applied in each step. Which of the answer choices correctly represents the next figure in the sequence? Sequence: 1. A large square containing a small, black circle in the top-left quadrant and an arrow pointing upwards. 2. A large square containing a small, black circle in the top-right quadrant and an arrow pointing to the right. 3. A large square containing a small, black circle in the bottom-right quadrant and an arrow pointing downwards.

A large square containing a small, black circle in the bottom-left quadrant and an arrow pointing upwards.
A large square containing a small, black circle in the top-left quadrant and an arrow pointing to the left.
A large square containing a small, black circle in the bottom-left quadrant and an arrow pointing to the left. (Correct answer)
A large square containing a small, black circle in the top-right quadrant and an arrow pointing downwards.

Correct answer: A large square containing a small, black circle in the bottom-left quadrant and an arrow pointing to the left.

The sequence follows two independent patterns. Pattern 1: The arrow rotates 90 degrees clockwise in each step (Up -> Right -> Down -> Left). Pattern 2: The small, black circle moves one quadrant clockwise in each step (Top-Left -> Top-Right -> Bottom-Right -> Bottom-Left). The next logical figure must have the arrow pointing to the left and the circle in the bottom-left quadrant.

Question 19: A retail company buys a product for $80 and applies a 60% markup to determine the selling price. The company then offers a 25% discount on the selling price during a sale. What is the final sale price of the product?

$96 (Correct answer)
$88
$100
$128

Correct answer: $96

First, calculate the initial selling price after the markup. Markup = 60% of $80 = 0.60 * $80 = $48. Selling Price = Cost + Markup = $80 + $48 = $128. Next, calculate the discount. Discount = 25% of $128 = 0.25 * $128 = $32. Final Sale Price = Selling Price - Discount = $128 - $32 = $96.

Question 20: Read the argument: 'Reducing working hours will decrease productivity. Therefore, we should not reduce working hours.' Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

Workers in countries with shorter working weeks report higher job satisfaction.
A meta-analysis of 50 companies found that productivity fell in 80% of cases after working-hour reductions. (Correct answer)
Several firms that reduced working hours reported no change in output.
Research consistently shows that fatigue from overwork reduces output quality and quantity.

Correct answer: A meta-analysis of 50 companies found that productivity fell in 80% of cases after working-hour reductions.

Evidence from 80% of companies in a large meta-analysis directly supports the premise that reducing hours decreases productivity.

Question 21: An investment of €12,000 earns simple interest at a rate of 5% per annum. How much total interest will have been earned after 42 months?

€1,800
€2,100 (Correct answer)
€600
€2,520

Correct answer: €2,100

The formula for simple interest is I = P * R * T, where I is interest, P is principal, R is the annual rate, and T is the time in years. First, convert the time from months to years: T = 42 months / 12 months/year = 3.5 years. Now, apply the formula: I = €12,000 * 0.05 * 3.5 = €2,100.

Question 22: A startup company's user base grew by 150% in its first year and then by 200% in its second year. What was the total percentage increase in the user base over the two-year period?

950% (Correct answer)
500%
650%
350%

Correct answer: 950%

Let the initial user base be U. After the first year, it grows by 150%, so the new user base is U + 1.5U = 2.5U. In the second year, this new base grows by 200%, so the final user base is 2.5U + 2.0*(2.5U) = 2.5U + 5U = 7.5U. The total increase is 7.5U - U = 6.5U. To express this as a percentage of the original user base U, we calculate (6.5U / U) * 100 = 650%.

Question 23: Read the following passage and answer the question. 'While the immediate economic benefits of automating the manufacturing process are undeniable—increased efficiency, reduced labor costs, and higher output—we must not be myopic in our assessment. The long-term societal costs may be staggering. Widespread displacement of a low-skilled workforce without a clear and funded path to retraining creates a recipe for social instability and increased inequality. To pursue automation without concurrently investing in robust social safety nets and educational programs is not just fiscally irresponsible, but morally shortsighted.' The author's tone in the passage can best be described as:

Enthusiastic and optimistic
Neutral and objective
Sarcastic and dismissive
Cautious and critical (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Cautious and critical

The author acknowledges the benefits of automation but immediately warns against a 'myopic' view, pointing out 'staggering' societal costs and calling the current approach 'morally shortsighted.' This use of cautionary and critical language indicates a concerned and critical tone, not a neutral or enthusiastic one.

Question 24: The table below contains sales and staffing data for a retail company's stores, categorized by product type. What are the average monthly sales per employee for the 'Electronics' category across all listed stores? | Store Location | Category | Monthly Sales (€) | Number of Employees | |----------------|-------------|-------------------|---------------------| | North | Electronics | 150,000 | 15 | | South | Apparel | 120,000 | 18 | | North | Apparel | 90,000 | 12 | | West | Electronics | 130,000 | 14 | | South | Electronics | 100,000 | 10 |

€9,744 (Correct answer)
€9,268
€10,000
€8,444

Correct answer: €9,744

To solve this, you must first isolate the data for the 'Electronics' category, then sum the sales and employees for that category before finding the average. 1. Identify 'Electronics' rows: North, West, and South stores. 2. Sum the 'Monthly Sales' for these rows: €150,000 + €130,000 + €100,000 = €380,000. 3. Sum the 'Number of Employees' for these rows: 15 + 14 + 10 = 39. 4. Calculate the average sales per employee: €380,000 / 39 employees ≈ €9,743.59. The closest answer is €9,744.

Question 25: A manager is evaluating four employees based on their performance scores from the last quarter. The final evaluation is based on a weighted average: 40% from the 'Quality Score', 40% from the 'Productivity Score', and 20% from the 'Teamwork Score'. Which employee has the highest final weighted score?

Liam (Correct answer)
Maria
Chen
Aisha

Correct answer: Liam

Calculate the weighted score for each employee: Liam: (90*0.4) + (85*0.4) + (95*0.2) = 36 + 34 + 19 = 89. Maria: (95*0.4) + (80*0.4) + (90*0.2) = 38 + 32 + 18 = 88. Chen: (85*0.4) + (95*0.4) + (80*0.2) = 34 + 38 + 16 = 88. Aisha: (80*0.4) + (90*0.4) + (100*0.2) = 32 + 36 + 20 = 88. Liam has the highest score of 89.

Question 26: A company has the following policy for project team assignments: 1) All projects must be led by a certified Project Manager. 2) No Project Manager can lead more than two projects simultaneously. 3) Any project with a budget exceeding €500,000 must also include a Senior Financial Analyst. David, a certified Project Manager, is currently leading two projects. One of these projects has a budget of €600,000. Which of the following statements must be true?

David is the only certified Project Manager in the company.
David cannot be assigned to lead any new projects.
David's €600,000 project team must include a Senior Financial Analyst. (Correct answer)
The company is currently managing at least three projects.

Correct answer: David's €600,000 project team must include a Senior Financial Analyst.

The third rule states that any project with a budget over €500,000 must include a Senior Financial Analyst. Since David is leading a project with a €600,000 budget, this rule applies directly to his project. The other options are possible but not guaranteed; David could be assigned a new project if one of his current ones ends (B), we only know about David's two projects, not the company total (C), and we have no information about other Project Managers (D).

Question 27: Which of the following shapes is the logical outlier in the group based on its geometric properties?

Rectangle
Square
Trapezoid (Correct answer)
Rhombus

Correct answer: Trapezoid

A rectangle, rhombus, and square are all types of parallelograms, which is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. A trapezoid is a quadrilateral that has only one pair of parallel sides. This difference in the number of parallel side pairs makes the trapezoid the logical outlier.

Question 28: A company report states: 'Employee engagement scores rose 15% after the new wellness program launched. Therefore, the wellness program caused greater engagement.' Which assumption is the argument relying on?

No other significant changes occurred in the company during the same period. (Correct answer)
The wellness program was enjoyed by all employees equally.
Engagement scores are the most important metric for company performance.
Engagement scores were measured using a standardized tool.

Correct answer: No other significant changes occurred in the company during the same period.

The causal claim requires ruling out confounding factors; if other changes occurred simultaneously, they might explain the increase instead.

Question 29: Therapists have some flexibility regarding what they deem serious enough to lead them to breach confidentiality.

False
Cannot Tell
True (Correct answer)

Correct answer: True

Explanation: The last sentence talks about the fact that ‘individual employers and independent therapists have their own boundaries but must agree this contractually with their client at the outset of the therapeutic relationship.’ This therefore means that they do have some flexibility regarding what they deem to be serious enough.

Question 30: Observe the sequence of 2x2 grids. Which grid correctly continues the sequence? Sequence: 1. Top-left: Circle, Top-right: Square, Bottom-left: Triangle, Bottom-right: Empty. 2. Top-left: Empty, Top-right: Circle, Bottom-left: Square, Bottom-right: Triangle. 3. Top-left: Triangle, Top-right: Empty, Bottom-left: Circle, Bottom-right: Square.

Top-left: Square, Top-right: Circle, Bottom-left: Triangle, Bottom-right: Empty.
Top-left: Square, Top-right: Triangle, Bottom-left: Empty, Bottom-right: Circle. (Correct answer)
Top-left: Empty, Top-right: Triangle, Bottom-left: Square, Bottom-right: Circle.
Top-left: Circle, Top-right: Square, Bottom-left: Triangle, Bottom-right: Empty.

Correct answer: Top-left: Square, Top-right: Triangle, Bottom-left: Empty, Bottom-right: Circle.

The underlying pattern is a clockwise rotation of all elements by one quadrant with each step. The element in the top-left moves to the top-right, top-right moves to bottom-right, bottom-right moves to bottom-left, and bottom-left moves to top-left. Applying this rule to Frame 3: The Triangle (top-left) moves to top-right. The Empty space (top-right) moves to bottom-right, but the Circle from bottom-left moves there. Let's re-evaluate. The Circle moves TL -> TR -> BL. Next position is BR. The Square moves TR -> BL -> BR. Next position is TL. The Triangle moves BL -> BR -> TL. Next position is TR. The Empty space moves BR -> TL -> TR. Next is BL. So the final state is TL: Square, TR: Triangle, BL: Empty, BR: Circle.

Question 31: The table shows a company's marketing spend breakdown for two consecutive years. By how many percentage points did the 'Print' channel's contribution to the total spend change from 2024 to 2025? | Channel | 2024 Spend (€) | 2025 Spend (€) | |---------|----------------|----------------| | Digital | 50,000 | 80,000 | | Print | 30,000 | 20,000 | | TV | 20,000 | 25,000 |

A decrease of 14 percentage points (Correct answer)
An increase of 10 percentage points
An increase of 4 percentage points
A decrease of 10 percentage points

Correct answer: A decrease of 14 percentage points

First, calculate the total spend for each year. - Total Spend 2024 = 50,000 + 30,000 + 20,000 = €100,000. - Total Spend 2025 = 80,000 + 20,000 + 25,000 = €125,000. Next, calculate the percentage contribution of 'Print' for each year. - Print % of total 2024 = (€30,000 / €100,000) * 100 = 30%. - Print % of total 2025 = (€20,000 / €125,000) * 100 = 16%. Finally, find the difference in percentage points: 30% (in 2024) - 16% (in 2025) = 14 percentage points. Since the percentage decreased, it's a decrease of 14 percentage points.

Question 32: When studying for their exams, some medical students prefer to practice in short and specific periods throughout the day, rather than long sessions that cover multiple topics. Others use a process known as top-down learning, which involves looking at the topics as a whole before moving into the smaller areas. This natural way of learning is believed to yield better test results. It is therefore hypothesized that students do not need detailed study schedules, but rather just a list of all the topics they need to know. According to the text, what is said about study schedules?

They are a waste of time
They are essential to success
Not enough information is provided
They might not be needed to achieve the best results (Correct answer)

Correct answer: They might not be needed to achieve the best results

Explanation: The text suggests that detailed study schedules may not be necessary for achieving the best results. It mentions that some students prefer shorter study sessions or a top-down learning approach, which are believed to be effective.

Question 33: Which of the following best represents a valid modus tollens argument?

Taxes increase, so consumer spending falls. Consumer spending fell. Therefore, taxes increased.
If revenue grows, bonuses are paid. Revenue did not grow. Therefore, bonuses were not paid.
If the system fails, alerts trigger. Alerts did not trigger. Therefore, the system did not fail. (Correct answer)
If demand rises, prices rise. Demand rose. Therefore, prices rose.

Correct answer: If the system fails, alerts trigger. Alerts did not trigger. Therefore, the system did not fail.

Modus tollens: 'If P then Q; not Q; therefore not P.' Alerts not triggering allows the valid inference that the system did not fail.

Question 34: Looking at why people choose to invest in residential property was the sole objective of the survey.

False (Correct answer)
True
Cannot Tell

Correct answer: False

Explanation: This is false because, in the final paragraph, we are told that ‘uncovering longer-term intentions was also part of the survey remit..’ so why people invest was one of the multiple objectives of the survey.

Question 35: When a client reports their involvement in an act of terrorism, their therapist is legally obliged to report this.

False
Cannot Tell
True (Correct answer)

Correct answer: True

Explanation: The passage states 'Legitimate breaches of confidentiality relate to circumstances where the information the client has shared relates to acts of terrorism; information of this nature must be reported.'

Question 36: A politician says: 'You are either with us on this policy, or you are against progress.' This statement is an example of which fallacy?

Straw man
False dichotomy (Correct answer)
Appeal to authority
Ad hominem

Correct answer: False dichotomy

Presenting only two options when more exist is a false dichotomy; one can oppose the specific policy without opposing progress in general.

Question 37: An analyst claims: 'Ice cream sales and drowning rates both peak in summer; therefore, ice cream causes drowning.' This is an example of:

Circular reasoning
Confusing correlation with causation (Correct answer)
Ad hominem attack
Straw man fallacy

Correct answer: Confusing correlation with causation

Both variables are driven by a third factor (hot weather and increased outdoor activity), not by a causal relationship between ice cream and drowning.

Question 38: All figures in Group 1 follow a certain rule, and all figures in Group 2 follow a different rule. Which of the answer choices belongs in Group 1? - Group 1: A shape made of two overlapping squares; A five-pointed star; A square with both diagonals drawn. - Group 2: A simple triangle; A circle; A U-shape.

A regular pentagon.
A crescent moon shape.
A semi-circle.
The number '8'. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The number '8'.

The defining characteristic of the figures in Group 1 is that they all contain at least one point where lines intersect or cross over each other. The figures in Group 2 are all simple shapes whose lines or curves do not intersect. Among the answer choices, only the number '8' is constructed with lines that cross over, fitting the rule for Group 1.

Question 39: Figure A is to Figure B in the same way that Figure C is to which of the answer choices? - Figure A: A large square, containing a medium circle, which in turn contains a small triangle. - Figure B: A medium circle containing a small triangle. - Figure C: A large pentagon, containing a medium square, which in turn contains a small star.

A medium square containing a small pentagon.
A large pentagon containing a medium square.
A large star containing a medium square.
A medium square containing a small star. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A medium square containing a small star.

The transformation from Figure A to Figure B involves removing the outermost shape. Figure A has a square, circle, and triangle from outside-in. Figure B has only the circle and triangle. Applying this same logic to Figure C, which has a pentagon, square, and star from outside-in, requires removing the outermost shape (the pentagon). This leaves the medium square containing the small star.

Question 40: A market research firm compiled the following pie chart illustrating the preferred social media platforms of a sample of 500 users. How many more users preferred Platform B over Platform D?

25 users
50 users (Correct answer)
75 users
125 users

Correct answer: 50 users

First, calculate the number of users for each platform. Platform B: 35% of 500 = 0.35 * 500 = 175 users. Platform D: 25% of 500 = 0.25 * 500 = 125 users. The difference is 175 - 125 = 50 users.

Question 41: Read the following passage and answer the question. 'Global Logistics Corp. offers three tiers of international shipping: Express, Standard, and Economy. All Express shipments are sent by air and are guaranteed to arrive within three business days. Standard shipments may be sent by air or sea, depending on the destination. All shipments to South America, regardless of tier, are routed through the company's Miami hub. No shipments sent by sea are ever processed through the Miami hub.' Based only on the information provided, which of the following statements is definitively false?

A Standard shipment to Asia could be routed through the Miami hub.
A Standard shipment to South America is sent by air.
An Express shipment to South America is sent by sea. (Correct answer)
An Economy shipment to Europe could be sent by sea.

Correct answer: An Express shipment to South America is sent by sea.

The passage contains two conflicting rules for an Express shipment to South America. Rule 1: All Express shipments are sent by air. Rule 2: All shipments to South America are routed through the Miami hub. Rule 3: No shipments sent by sea are processed through the Miami hub. Statement C claims an Express shipment to South America is sent by sea. This directly contradicts Rule 1, which states ALL Express shipments are sent by air. Therefore, this statement must be false.

Question 42: Read the following passage and answer the question. 'The board of directors for the retail corporation ShopCorp reviewed the quarterly performance of its three main divisions: Groceries, Electronics, and Apparel. The Groceries division saw a 5% increase in revenue but a 2% decrease in profit margin. The Electronics division reported a 10% drop in revenue, which was attributed to supply chain disruptions. The Apparel division was the only division to see an increase in both revenue and profit margin. Overall corporate profits for the quarter were higher than in the previous quarter.' Based on the passage, the truth of which of the following statements cannot be determined?

The Apparel division's revenue was higher than the Electronics division's revenue. (Correct answer)
The Apparel division contributed positively to the overall corporate profit increase.
The Groceries division experienced a higher profit margin than the Electronics division.
The Electronics division's supply chain disruptions were the sole reason for its revenue drop.

Correct answer: The Apparel division's revenue was higher than the Electronics division's revenue.

The passage provides percentage changes in revenue for each division but gives no information about the absolute revenue figures. Therefore, it is impossible to compare the total revenue of the Apparel division with that of the Electronics division. The other statements can be evaluated: we cannot know the comparative profit margins (Cannot Say), the passage says the drop was 'attributed to' supply chain issues, not that it was the sole reason (Cannot Say), but it is logically true that the Apparel division, with its increase in revenue and profit margin, contributed positively to the overall profit increase.

Question 43: ERCs have failed to recognize that universities could work more collaboratively with one another.

False (Correct answer)
Cannot Tell
True

Correct answer: False

Explanation: The second generation of ERCs were encouraging collaboration across universities therefore this statement must be false. They did encourage universities to work more collaboratively with one another.

Question 44: The table below shows the weekly performance metrics for a new online advertising campaign. 'CTR' stands for Click-Through Rate. Which week showed the largest percentage point decrease in CTR compared to the previous week?

Week 5
Week 3
Week 2
Week 4 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Week 4

Calculate the change in CTR from the previous week for each option: Week 2: 3.5% - 3.0% = 0.5% increase. Week 3: 3.2% - 3.5% = 0.3% decrease. Week 4: 2.6% - 3.2% = 0.6% decrease. Week 5: 2.8% - 2.6% = 0.2% increase. The largest percentage point decrease was 0.6 points in Week 4.

Question 45: Which letter logically comes next in this series? C, E, H, L, ?

O
P
Q (Correct answer)
R

Correct answer: Q

The pattern involves skipping a progressively increasing number of letters in the alphabet. - Between C and E, one letter (D) is skipped. - Between E and H, two letters (F, G) are skipped. - Between H and L, three letters (I, J, K) are skipped. Therefore, the next step is to skip four letters (M, N, O, P). The letter immediately following P is Q.

Question 46: Which of the following arguments is logically valid?

All birds fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins fly.
Some athletes are vegetarians. John is a vegetarian. Therefore, John is an athlete.
If it rains, the ground gets wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it rained.
All mammals breathe air. Dolphins are mammals. Therefore, dolphins breathe air. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: All mammals breathe air. Dolphins are mammals. Therefore, dolphins breathe air.

This syllogism is valid: if all mammals breathe air and dolphins are mammals, it necessarily follows that dolphins breathe air.

Question 47: A project manager is calculating costs using the data below. What is the combined total cost for the 'Development' and 'Testing' phases of the project? | Project Phase | Labor Cost (€/hr) | Hours Required | Material Cost (€) | |---------------|-------------------|----------------|-------------------| | Planning | 100 | 20 | 500 | | Development | 120 | 80 | 3,000 | | Testing | 150 | 40 | 1,500 | | Deployment | 110 | 30 | 1,000 |

€16,100
€20,100 (Correct answer)
€21,400
€18,600

Correct answer: €20,100

The total cost for each phase is calculated as (Labor Cost per Hour * Hours Required) + Material Cost. 1. Calculate the cost for the 'Development' phase: (€120/hr * 80 hrs) + €3,000 = €9,600 + €3,000 = €12,600. 2. Calculate the cost for the 'Testing' phase: (€150/hr * 40 hrs) + €1,500 = €6,000 + €1,500 = €7,500. 3. Sum the costs of these two phases: €12,600 + €7,500 = €20,100.

Question 48: What proportion of Val Thorens' snowfall occurred in January?

7%
5% (Correct answer)
10%
12%

Correct answer: 5%

Explanation: Step 1: Calculate the total snowfall in Val Thorens across the 4 months. 5cm + 20cm + 40cm + 35cm = 100cm Step 2: Divide the January value by the total and multiply by 100 to calculate the amount as a percentage. 5cm / 100cm x 100 = 5%

Question 49: A 3x3 matrix of figures is presented with one figure missing in the bottom-right position. Analyze the relationship between the figures in the rows and columns to determine the correct figure to complete the matrix. Matrix: - Row 1: [Empty Circle] [Cross (+) Symbol] [Circle with a Cross inside] - Row 2: [Empty Square] [Horizontal line (-)] [Square with a Horizontal Line inside] - Row 3: [Empty Pentagon] [Small solid dot (•)] [?]

An empty pentagon with a small solid dot inside. (Correct answer)
An empty circle with a small solid dot inside.
An empty pentagon.
A small solid dot inside a cross symbol.

Correct answer: An empty pentagon with a small solid dot inside.

The logic in this matrix is that the figure in the third column of each row is a superposition of the figures from the first and second columns. In Row 1, the cross is placed inside the circle. In Row 2, the horizontal line is placed inside the square. Therefore, in Row 3, the small solid dot should be placed inside the empty pentagon.

Question 50: The following chart shows the quarterly revenue for companies A, B, C, and D. Which company experienced the largest percentage increase in revenue from Q1 to Q2?

Company A
Company B
Company C
Company D (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Company D

To find the percentage increase, use the formula: ((Q2 Revenue - Q1 Revenue) / Q1 Revenue) * 100. Company A: ((350-300)/300)*100 = 16.67% Company B: ((420-400)/400)*100 = 5% Company C: ((280-250)/250)*100 = 12% Company D: ((200-150)/150)*100 = 33.33%. Company D had the highest percentage increase.

Question 51: An entrepreneur argues: 'Critics said social media would ruin communication, but it has connected billions of people. Critics must be wrong about artificial intelligence harming jobs too.' What is the main flaw?

Social media and AI are too similar to compare.
Being wrong about one prediction does not make a critic wrong about an entirely different prediction. (Correct answer)
The argument relies on insufficient statistical data.
The argument is well-reasoned by analogy.

Correct answer: Being wrong about one prediction does not make a critic wrong about an entirely different prediction.

A poor track record in one domain does not invalidate a source's judgement on an unrelated topic; each claim must be evaluated on its own merits.

Question 52: Which of the following figures is the 'odd one out' based on a common logical rule shared by the other four?

Two separate, non-overlapping triangles.
A pentagon with one line drawn from a vertex to the approximate center.
A hexagon with one diagonal drawn connecting two opposite vertices. (Correct answer)
A square with both diagonals drawn.

Correct answer: A hexagon with one diagonal drawn connecting two opposite vertices.

The common rule shared by four of the figures is that they are all constructed using exactly six straight lines. The square with diagonals has 4 sides + 2 diagonals = 6 lines. The pentagon with one internal line has 5 sides + 1 line = 6 lines. The two separate triangles have 3 + 3 = 6 lines. The hexagon with one diagonal has 6 sides + 1 diagonal = 7 lines, which breaks the pattern.

Question 53: A researcher concludes: 'Countries with higher chocolate consumption have more Nobel laureates per capita; therefore, eating chocolate boosts cognitive performance.' Which statement best identifies the error?

Nobel prizes are not a valid measure of cognitive performance.
The researcher should have used a control group.
The researcher used too large a dataset.
Wealth is a confounding variable — richer countries afford more chocolate and also invest more in education and research. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Wealth is a confounding variable — richer countries afford more chocolate and also invest more in education and research.

National wealth explains both higher chocolate consumption and greater Nobel Prize output; the correlation does not imply a causal link between chocolate and intelligence.

Question 54: What was the percentage increase in snowfall in Whistler from November to December?

40%
60%
50% (Correct answer)
30%

Correct answer: 50%

Explanation: Step 1: Identify how much snow fell in Whistler in November and December: Nov = 20cm Dec = 30cm Step 2: Calculate the difference between the two amounts: 30cm -20cm = 10cm Step 3: Divide the difference by the November figure 'the old figure' and multiply by 100. 10cm / 20cm x 100 = 50% Tip: To calculate the percentage increase quickly: Subtract the newest figure from the oldest figure and divide by the oldest.

Question 55: It has been recognized that industry leads the way in furthering innovative engineering research.

False (Correct answer)
True
Cannot Tell

Correct answer: False

Explanation: This cannot be true as we are told in paragraph one that universities were the only places that had sufficient engineering knowledge to be able to deliver the level of research that was required to support such objectives [innovation in next-generation technology advances at the intersection of disciplines].

Question 56: Review the product performance data in the table below. Which of the following statements is most accurately supported by the data? | Product | Units Sold | Price per Unit (€) | Revenue (€) | |---------|------------|--------------------|-------------| | Alpha | 1,200 | 50 | 60,000 | | Beta | 800 | 75 | 60,000 | | Gamma | 500 | 110 | 55,000 |

The product with the lowest price per unit had the highest number of units sold. (Correct answer)
Product Alpha generated the most revenue.
The total revenue from all three products exceeds €180,000.
Product Gamma accounts for more than 30% of the total units sold.

Correct answer: The product with the lowest price per unit had the highest number of units sold.

Let's evaluate each statement: A) Total units sold = 1,200 + 800 + 500 = 2,500. Gamma's share = (500 / 2,500) * 100 = 20%. So, this statement is false. B) Product Alpha and Product Beta both generated €60,000 in revenue. Neither generated the most, they were tied for the highest. So, this statement is false. C) The product with the lowest price is Alpha (€50). Alpha sold 1,200 units, which is the highest number of units sold. This statement is true. D) Total revenue = €60,000 + €60,000 + €55,000 = €175,000. This is not greater than €180,000. So, this statement is false.

Question 57: In 2019, British Airways carried 45,000,000 passengers, while Virgin Atlantic carried 15,000,000 passengers. Which airline showed a larger increase in passengers from the previous year if British Airways had 5,000,000 more passengers than in 2018 and Virgin Atlantic had 3,000,000 more?

Both had the same increase
Cannot be determined from the data provided
Virgin Atlantic
British Airways (Correct answer)

Correct answer: British Airways

Explanation: The task is to determine which airline showed a larger increase in passengers from the previous year based on the increased numbers provided: British Airways: Increase in passengers from 2018 to 2019: 5,000,000 Virgin Atlantic: Increase in passengers from 2018 to 2019: 3,000,000 Since British Airways increased by 5,000,000 passengers, and Virgin Atlantic increased by 3,000,000 passengers, the airline with the larger increase is British Airways.

Question 58: Premise 1: All strategy consultants are strong analytical thinkers. Premise 2: Maria is a strong analytical thinker. What can be validly concluded?

Maria might or might not be a strategy consultant. (Correct answer)
Maria is not a strategy consultant.
Maria is a strategy consultant.
All strong analytical thinkers become strategy consultants.

Correct answer: Maria might or might not be a strategy consultant.

Being a strong analytical thinker is a necessary condition for strategy consultants but not sufficient; other people can also be strong analytical thinkers.

Question 59: A company uses a formula to calculate a 'Priority Score' for IT support tickets. The score is calculated as: (Urgency * 3) + (Impact * 2) + (Age in days). Urgency and Impact are rated on a scale of 1 to 5. Based on the data below, which ticket has the highest Priority Score?

Ticket #104 (Correct answer)
Ticket #101
Ticket #103
Ticket #102

Correct answer: Ticket #104

To find the ticket with the highest priority, calculate the score for each: Ticket #101: (4*3) + (3*2) + 5 = 12 + 6 + 5 = 23. Ticket #102: (3*3) + (5*2) + 2 = 9 + 10 + 2 = 21. Ticket #103: (5*3) + (2*2) + 1 = 15 + 4 + 1 = 20. Ticket #104: (4*3) + (5*2) + 3 = 12 + 10 + 3 = 25. Ticket #104 has the highest score of 25.

Question 60: Figure 1 is to Figure 2 in the same way that Figure 3 is to which of the answer choices? Figure 1: A standard square. Figure 2: The same square rotated 45 degrees clockwise with a small circle in its center. Figure 3: An equilateral triangle pointing upwards.

An equilateral triangle pointing upwards with a small circle in its center.
An equilateral triangle rotated 45 degrees clockwise without a circle.
An equilateral triangle rotated 90 degrees with a small circle in its center.
An equilateral triangle rotated 45 degrees clockwise with a small circle in its center. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: An equilateral triangle rotated 45 degrees clockwise with a small circle in its center.

The logical relationship between Figure 1 and Figure 2 consists of two transformations: a 45-degree clockwise rotation and the addition of a small circle in the center. To maintain the analogy, both of these transformations must be applied to Figure 3. Applying a 45-degree clockwise rotation and adding a small circle to the equilateral triangle results in the correct answer.

Question 61: An analogy is presented as 'Figure A is to Figure B as Figure C is to...?'. Identify the figure that correctly completes the analogy. - Figure A: A large square containing a small, black circle. - Figure B: A large square containing a small, white circle. - Figure C: A large, upward-pointing triangle containing a small, black square.

A large circle containing a small, white square.
A small, white square containing a large triangle.
A large, upward-pointing triangle containing a small, white square. (Correct answer)
A large, upward-pointing triangle containing a small, black circle.

Correct answer: A large, upward-pointing triangle containing a small, white square.

The relationship between Figure A and Figure B is that the outer shape remains the same, while the color of the inner shape inverts (black becomes white). To complete the analogy, the same transformation must be applied to Figure C. The outer shape (the large triangle) must remain the same, and the color of the inner shape (the small square) must invert from black to white.

Question 62: A train travels from City A to City B, a distance of 450 kilometers. The journey takes 5 hours. On the return trip from City B to City A, the train's average speed is 10% faster. How long does the return trip take?

5 hours and 30 minutes
4 hours and 30 minutes
Approximately 4 hours and 33 minutes (Correct answer)
4 hours and 50 minutes

Correct answer: Approximately 4 hours and 33 minutes

First, calculate the initial speed: Speed = Distance / Time = 450 km / 5 hours = 90 km/h. The return speed is 10% faster: 90 km/h * 1.10 = 99 km/h. Now, calculate the time for the return trip: Time = Distance / Speed = 450 km / 99 km/h ≈ 4.545 hours. To convert the decimal part to minutes: 0.545 hours * 60 minutes/hour ≈ 32.7 minutes, which is approximately 33 minutes. So the return trip takes about 4 hours and 33 minutes.

Question 63: A scatter plot shows the relationship between hours studied and exam scores for a group of students. The plot displays a positive linear correlation. What is the most logical interpretation of this relationship?

There is a general trend that students who study for more hours tend to achieve higher exam scores. (Correct answer)
Studying more hours causes lower exam scores.
As the number of hours studied increases, the exam score tends to decrease.
All students who studied for the same amount of time received the same score.

Correct answer: There is a general trend that students who study for more hours tend to achieve higher exam scores.

A positive linear correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable also tends to increase. In this context, it means that more hours of study are generally associated with higher exam scores.

Question 64: Evaluate the following argument: 'This investment must be safe because no investor has complained about losses.' What is the primary weakness?

The argument relies on expert testimony.
The premise and conclusion are logically unrelated.
Absence of complaints does not prove safety; investors may be unaware of losses or reluctant to report them. (Correct answer)
The argument uses anecdotal evidence from too large a sample.

Correct answer: Absence of complaints does not prove safety; investors may be unaware of losses or reluctant to report them.

Silence (absence of evidence) is not evidence of absence; investors may not yet have realized losses or may not report them.

Question 65: A 3x3 matrix of figures is presented with one figure missing. Analyze the rows and columns to determine the figure that completes the matrix. Matrix: - Row 1: [Circle] [Vertical Line] [Circle with a Vertical Line through its center] - Row 2: [Square] [Horizontal Line] [Square with a Horizontal Line through its center] - Row 3: [Upward-pointing Triangle] [Small Dot] [?]

A small dot.
An upward-pointing triangle with a small dot in its center. (Correct answer)
A small dot inside of a square.
An upward-pointing triangle.

Correct answer: An upward-pointing triangle with a small dot in its center.

The logical rule for this matrix is that the figure in the third column is a superposition of the figures from the first and second columns in the same row. In Row 1, the circle and vertical line are combined. In Row 2, the square and horizontal line are combined. Following this rule, the triangle from the first column and the dot from the second column in Row 3 must be combined to produce the missing figure.

Question 66: ERCs have been used to try and advance technology across multiple disciplines.

True (Correct answer)
False
Cannot Tell

Correct answer: True

Explanation: In the first paragraph we are told that the key focus was on innovation in next-generation technology advances at the intersection of disciplines. ‘Intersection’ means junction or joining point therefore the answer must be True. If we are talking about the intersection of disciplines, we must be referring to multiple disciplines.

Question 67: A manager is reviewing four employees: Amina, Ben, Chloe, and Daniel. The following is known: - If Amina receives a promotion, then Ben will also receive a promotion. - Chloe and Daniel will receive the same outcome; either both are promoted or neither is promoted. - Ben does not receive a promotion. Given this information, which of the following must be true?

Amina does not receive a promotion. (Correct answer)
Amina receives a promotion, but Chloe does not.
Exactly one employee is promoted.
Chloe and Daniel are both promoted.

Correct answer: Amina does not receive a promotion.

This problem requires using the contrapositive of the first statement. The statement is 'If Amina is promoted (A), then Ben is promoted (B)'. The contrapositive is 'If Ben is NOT promoted (Not B), then Amina is NOT promoted (Not A)'. We are told that Ben does not receive a promotion, so we can definitively conclude that Amina does not receive a promotion either. We don't have enough information to determine the outcome for Chloe and Daniel.

Question 68: Read the following statements: 1. If the interest rates decrease, the stock market will rally. 2. If the stock market rallies, consumer confidence will increase. 3. This quarter, consumer confidence did not increase. Assuming these statements are true, what can be logically deduced?

The interest rates did not decrease this quarter. (Correct answer)
Consumer confidence will increase in the next quarter.
The stock market rallied, but interest rates did not decrease.
Interest rates increased this quarter.

Correct answer: The interest rates did not decrease this quarter.

This is a logical chain of reasoning using the contrapositive. The statements create the sequence: If A (rates decrease), then B (market rallies). If B (market rallies), then C (confidence increases). Therefore, if A, then C. The contrapositive states that if Not C, then Not A. We are told that consumer confidence did not increase (Not C). Therefore, we can definitively conclude that interest rates did not decrease (Not A). We cannot conclude that rates *increased*, only that they did not *decrease*.

Question 69: Which of the following best describes the logical structure of this argument? 'Students who study daily perform better on exams. Carlos performs well on exams. Therefore, Carlos studies daily.'

Modus ponens
Affirming the consequent (Correct answer)
Denying the antecedent
Valid deductive reasoning

Correct answer: Affirming the consequent

The argument commits the fallacy of affirming the consequent: it wrongly infers the cause from the effect when other causes may produce the same effect.

Question 70: Read the following passage and answer the question. 'The company's quarterly report was replete with optimistic projections and self-congratulatory remarks. However, a discerning analyst would note the conspicuous absence of hard data on user retention and the glossing over of a significant increase in marketing expenditure relative to new customer acquisition. The CEO's statement, filled with platitudes about 'synergy' and 'disruption,' did little to mask the underlying financial vulnerabilities.' As used in the passage, the word 'platitudes' most nearly means:

Detailed financial figures
Innovative strategic plans
Superficial or meaningless statements (Correct answer)
Confidential corporate secrets

Correct answer: Superficial or meaningless statements

The context suggests that the CEO's statement was empty and intended to distract from real issues ('did little to mask the underlying financial vulnerabilities'). Words like 'synergy' and 'disruption' are often used as buzzwords without concrete meaning. Therefore, 'platitudes' refers to remarks that sound good but lack substance.

Question 71: A transparent square paper is folded along the dotted line as shown in Step 1. Then, two holes are punched through it as shown in Step 2. Which answer choice shows what the paper will look like when it is unfolded?

A square with two holes in the center.
A square with two holes on the left side and two holes on the right side, mirrored vertically. (Correct answer)
A square with four holes aligned vertically along the left edge.
A square with four holes forming a small square pattern in the top-left corner.

Correct answer: A square with two holes on the left side and two holes on the right side, mirrored vertically.

The paper is folded in half from right to left. The two holes are punched through both layers on the left half of the folded paper. When the paper is unfolded (opening the right side back out), the two holes will be mirrored onto the right half. This results in a total of four holes: the original two on the left, and a symmetrical pair on the right.

Question 72: A marketing manager argues: 'Our ad campaign must have worked — brand awareness jumped 20% after we ran it.' Which of the following, if true, most undermines this conclusion?

The campaign was the most expensive in company history.
Brand awareness was measured by an external research firm.
The campaign ran for only two weeks.
A viral news story unrelated to the campaign prominently featured the company during the same period. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A viral news story unrelated to the campaign prominently featured the company during the same period.

A viral news story provides an alternative explanation for the awareness increase, undermining the claim that the ad campaign caused it.

Question 73: Read the following passage and answer the question. 'In the field of corporate finance, a 'leveraged buyout' (LBO) is a transaction in which a company is acquired using a significant amount of borrowed money (debt) to meet the cost of acquisition. The assets of the company being acquired are often used as collateral for the loans, along with the assets of the acquiring company. The purpose of an LBO is to allow companies to make large acquisitions without having to commit a lot of their own capital. The expectation is that the returns on the acquisition will more than outweigh the interest paid on the debt, and the debt is typically paid down from the cash flow of the acquired company.' Based on the passage, what can be inferred about the financial risk involved in a leveraged buyout?

The risk falls primarily on the government, which regulates these transactions.
The acquiring company faces no risk, as all the debt is secured by the target company's assets.
The transaction is high-risk, as it relies heavily on the future performance of the acquired company to service the significant debt. (Correct answer)
The risk is minimal because the acquired company's assets guarantee the loans.

Correct answer: The transaction is high-risk, as it relies heavily on the future performance of the acquired company to service the significant debt.

The passage states that the acquisition is funded by a 'significant amount of borrowed money' and that the 'expectation' is that future returns will cover the debt. This implies that if the acquired company underperforms and its cash flow is insufficient, there will be difficulty repaying the large debt. This reliance on future success to cover present borrowing indicates a high-risk scenario.

Question 74: Read the following passage and answer the question. 'Many argue that a universal basic income (UBI) would stifle motivation to work. However, this argument presupposes that the only reason people work is for monetary survival. In reality, people are also driven by a desire for purpose, social connection, and personal achievement. A UBI could provide the financial security necessary for individuals to pursue riskier entrepreneurial ventures, education, or creative endeavors that ultimately contribute to society. Therefore, rather than causing indolence, a UBI might actually unleash a wave of innovation and personal fulfillment.' How does the author structure the argument in the passage?

By introducing a common counterargument and then refuting it with an alternative perspective. (Correct answer)
By attacking the character of those who oppose a universal basic income.
By presenting statistical data to support a central claim.
By comparing and contrasting economic policies from different countries.

Correct answer: By introducing a common counterargument and then refuting it with an alternative perspective.

The author begins by stating a common argument against UBI ('stifle motivation to work'). Then, the author challenges the assumption underlying that argument ('presupposes that the only reason people work is for monetary survival') and presents an alternative viewpoint (that UBI could lead to innovation and fulfillment). This structure of presenting and refuting a counterargument is a classic persuasive technique.

Question 75: Being obliged to break confidentiality in a therapeutic relationship is always a direct result of the law.

True
Cannot Tell
False (Correct answer)

Correct answer: False

Explanation: The law is one reason why someone would have to break confidentiality, but their employment contract is another reason why this could occur. '..and it may occur as a result of their employment contract or of the law.'

Question 76: A manager says: 'We have always done it this way, and the company has been profitable, so we should continue.' Which fallacy is this?

Appeal to tradition (Correct answer)
Red herring
Slippery slope
Sunk cost fallacy

Correct answer: Appeal to tradition

Justifying a practice purely because it has been followed historically, without evaluating its merits, is an appeal to tradition.

Question 77: Four of the five figures below follow a common logical rule. Which figure is the 'odd one out'? A) A triangle (3 sides) with three small circles inside. B) A square (4 sides) with four small dots inside. C) A hexagon (6 sides) with six small squares inside. D) A pentagon (5 sides) with four small triangles inside.

Figure B
Figure A
Figure D (Correct answer)
Figure C

Correct answer: Figure D

The logical rule connecting four of the figures is that the number of sides of the outer shape is equal to the number of smaller, inner shapes. Figure A has a 3-sided shape and 3 inner shapes. Figure B has a 4-sided shape and 4 inner shapes. Figure C has a 6-sided shape and 6 inner shapes. Figure D breaks this rule, as it has a 5-sided shape (pentagon) but only 4 inner shapes.

Question 78: Read the following passage and answer the question. 'A market research report on the beverage industry found that in the last year, sales of traditional carbonated soft drinks declined. Conversely, the market for bottled water and unsweetened iced tea grew significantly. The report noted that among consumers who had decreased their soft drink consumption, many cited health concerns as the primary reason. The report did not collect data on the consumption of energy drinks or fruit juices.' Based on the passage, the truth of which of the following statements cannot be determined?

Sales of traditional carbonated soft drinks decreased in the last year.
Some consumers have reduced their intake of carbonated soft drinks for health-related reasons.
The market for unsweetened iced tea expanded last year.
The fruit juice market is larger than the bottled water market. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The fruit juice market is larger than the bottled water market.

The passage explicitly states that the report 'did not collect data on the consumption of energy drinks or fruit juices.' Therefore, any comparison between the fruit juice market and other markets, such as bottled water, cannot be made based on the information provided. The other three statements are directly supported by the text: consumers cited health concerns for decreasing soft drink consumption, the market for unsweetened iced tea grew, and sales of carbonated soft drinks declined.

Question 79: The total research and development budget for a company is €500,000. A pie chart illustrates the allocation: 40% is for 'New Product Development', 30% for 'Existing Product Improvement', 20% for 'Fundamental Research', and 10% for 'Patents and Licensing'. What is the total amount of money allocated to 'Fundamental Research' and 'Patents and Licensing' combined?

€250,000
€150,000 (Correct answer)
€200,000
€100,000

Correct answer: €150,000

First, find the combined percentage for the two categories: 20% (Fundamental Research) + 10% (Patents and Licensing) = 30%. Next, calculate this percentage of the total budget: 30% of €500,000 is 0.30 * 500,000 = €150,000.

Question 80: In a logistics company, all shipments to Europe are sent via air freight. No shipments sent via air freight are routed through the company's southern hub. Based solely on these two premises, which of the following conclusions is logically certain?

All shipments routed through the southern hub are sent to destinations outside of Europe.
All shipments sent via means other than air freight are routed through the southern hub.
No shipment to Europe is routed through the southern hub. (Correct answer)
Shipments to Asia are not sent via air freight.

Correct answer: No shipment to Europe is routed through the southern hub.

The premises establish a clear logical link: Shipments to Europe -> Sent via Air Freight -> NOT Routed through Southern Hub. By combining the start and end of this chain, we can deduce that shipments to Europe are not routed through the southern hub. Option A is a possibility but not a certainty (southern hub shipments could go to non-European destinations, but they don't *have* to). Options C and D introduce information and conclusions not supported by the premises.

Question 81: A factory has two machines, A and B, that produce widgets. Machine A, working alone, can produce a full batch of widgets in 6 hours. Machine B, working alone, can produce the same batch in 4 hours. If both machines work together, how long will it take them to produce a full batch of widgets?

5 hours
2.4 hours (Correct answer)
2.5 hours
10 hours

Correct answer: 2.4 hours

This is a classic work-rate problem. Machine A's rate is 1/6 of the batch per hour. Machine B's rate is 1/4 of the batch per hour. When working together, their rates add up: (1/6) + (1/4). To add these fractions, find a common denominator, which is 12. So, (2/12) + (3/12) = 5/12 of the batch per hour. To find the total time, take the reciprocal of the combined rate: 1 / (5/12) = 12/5 = 2.4 hours.

Question 82: What was the percentage increase in precipitation in Tirana between April and May?

4.28%
4.12%
4.39%
4.35% (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 4.35%

Explanation: We use the percentage change formula. (120-115)/115 = 0.0435 = 4.35%

Question 83: The stacked bar chart displays the sales distribution by product category (Electronics, Apparel, Home Goods) for two different stores. Which of the following statements can be concluded from the chart?

Store 2 has a higher proportion of its total sales from Home Goods than Store 1. (Correct answer)
The total sales for Store 1 are greater than the total sales for Store 2.
Electronics represent the largest portion of sales for both stores.
Store 1 sold more items in the Apparel category than Store 2.

Correct answer: Store 2 has a higher proportion of its total sales from Home Goods than Store 1.

By visually comparing the proportion of the 'Home Goods' segment in each bar relative to the total height of the bar, it's clear that this category makes up a larger percentage of Store 2's total sales than Store 1's. The other statements cannot be definitively concluded without specific values; for example, we don't know the exact sales figures to compare total sales or category sales directly.

Question 84: Read the following passage and answer the question. 'A new internal policy at the technology firm Innovate Inc. states that any project team with more than five members must be assigned a dedicated Project Manager. If a team has five or fewer members, a Senior Developer can lead the project. All projects, regardless of team size, must undergo a final review by the Quality Assurance (QA) department. The 'Phoenix' project is currently led by a Senior Developer, and the 'Odyssey' project has been assigned a dedicated Project Manager.' Based only on the information provided, which of the following statements must be true?

The 'Odyssey' project team has more members than the 'Phoenix' project team.
The 'Phoenix' project has not yet been reviewed by the QA department.
A Senior Developer cannot be a member of the 'Odyssey' project team.
The 'Phoenix' project team has no more than five members. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The 'Phoenix' project team has no more than five members.

The policy states that if a team has five or fewer members, a Senior Developer can lead it. Since the 'Phoenix' project is led by a Senior Developer, it must logically follow that its team size is five or fewer members. We cannot compare the team sizes of the two projects, as 'Odyssey' could have six members and 'Phoenix' could have five. We have no information on the current status of the QA review for 'Phoenix'. A Senior Developer could certainly be a member of the 'Odyssey' team, even if they are not the leader.

Question 85: How much snow fell in Whistler and Les Arcs in January and February combined?

60 cm (Correct answer)
50 cm
40 cm
70 cm

Correct answer: 60 cm

Explanation: Step 1: Calcuate how much snow fell in January in Whistler and Les Arc: Jan = 10cm + 10cm = 20cm Step 2: Calcuate how much snow fell in February in Whistler and Les Arc: Feb = 20cm + 20cm = 40cm Step 3: Add the two figures together: Total = 60cm

Question 86: Read the following passage and answer the question. 'All new employees at the consulting firm Axiom Partners are required to complete a mandatory ethics training program within their first 30 days of employment. The program is offered in two formats: a self-paced online module or a two-day in-person workshop. While the in-person workshop is recommended for employees in client-facing roles, it is not compulsory. Last month, every new hire from the Sales department enrolled in the in-person workshop, though some new hires from the Analytics department chose the online module.' Based only on the information provided, which of the following statements must be true?

The online ethics module is shorter than the in-person workshop.
At least one new hire from the Analytics department did not attend the in-person workshop. (Correct answer)
No new employees at Axiom Partners can begin client work until they complete the ethics training.
All new hires in client-facing roles are required to attend the in-person workshop.

Correct answer: At least one new hire from the Analytics department did not attend the in-person workshop.

The passage states that 'some new hires from the Analytics department chose the online module.' This directly implies that at least one new hire from that department did not attend the in-person workshop, making this statement true. The other options make assumptions not supported by the text: the text doesn't link training completion to starting client work, it explicitly says the in-person workshop is 'not compulsory' for client-facing roles, and it provides no information about the duration of the online module.

Question 87: How many readers read the newspapers ‘The Sun’ and ‘The Times’ in year X+1?

17700000 (Correct answer)
21400000
28700000
16700000

Correct answer: 17700000

Explanation: The title of the table shows that the number of readers for each newspaper is in the millions. Then, looking at the figures for year X+1, we can see that 7.5 million readers read the Sun. We can also see that 10.2 million readers read the Times. By making a simple addition calculation (remember that calculators are allowed!), we arrive at a total of 17.7 million readers.

Question 88: Which newspaper had the most readers during the years X to X+1?

The Daily Telegraph
Metro (Correct answer)
Guardian
The Times

Correct answer: Metro

Explanation: By adding the number of readers for each newspaper in years X and X+1, we find the following: - - The Times: 23.6 million readers - - The Daily Telegraph: 42 million readers - - Metro: 49.1 million readers - - The Sun: 22.8 million readers - - Guardian: 40.2 million readers Therefore, the Metro is the newspaper with the most readers during these two years.

Question 89: A company analyzes its quarterly sales performance by region for two key products, X and Y. Based on the table below, which region had the lowest ratio of Product X sold to Product Y sold? | Region | Quantity of Product X Sold | Quantity of Product Y Sold | |--------|----------------------------|----------------------------| | North | 450 | 300 | | South | 200 | 150 | | East | 600 | 300 | | West | 350 | 250 |

South (Correct answer)
West
East
North

Correct answer: South

To find the ratio of Product X to Product Y for each region, divide the quantity of Product X sold by the quantity of Product Y sold. - North: 450 / 300 = 1.50 - South: 200 / 150 ≈ 1.33 - East: 600 / 300 = 2.00 - West: 350 / 250 = 1.40 Comparing the calculated ratios, the South region has the lowest value (approximately 1.33).

Question 90: What is the next number in the following sequence? 5, 12, 10, 17, 15, ?

13
20
25
22 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 22

The pattern in the sequence is an alternating series of two arithmetic operations: add 7, then subtract 2. - 5 + 7 = 12 - 12 - 2 = 10 - 10 + 7 = 17 - 17 - 2 = 15 Following this pattern, the next operation is to add 7: 15 + 7 = 22.

Question 91: Which of the following is an example of a hasty generalization?

If prices rise, demand typically falls, assuming all else is equal.
The study surveyed 10,000 randomly selected adults to draw its conclusions.
All mammals are warm-blooded; whales are mammals; therefore whales are warm-blooded.
I met two rude people from City X, so everyone from City X must be rude. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: I met two rude people from City X, so everyone from City X must be rude.

Concluding that all people from a city are rude based on only two encounters is a hasty generalization from an insufficient sample.

Question 92: Which airline carries the most passengers?

British Airways
Singapore Airways
Virgin Atlantic
Emirates (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Emirates

Explanation: The airline that carries the most passengers among the options given is Emirates, with 58 million passengers carried.

Question 93: A software development team follows these deployment rules: A new feature can be deployed to customers only if it has passed both Quality Assurance (QA) testing and security vulnerability scans. Any feature that fails the security scan must be reworked by the development team and cannot be resubmitted for QA testing for at least 48 hours. Yesterday, the 'Auto-Fill' feature was deployed to customers. What can be deduced from this event?

No other features were being tested at the same time as 'Auto-Fill'.
The 'Auto-Fill' feature passed the security vulnerability scan. (Correct answer)
The 'Auto-Fill' feature took less than 48 hours to pass QA testing.
The 'Auto-Fill' feature was not reworked by the development team.

Correct answer: The 'Auto-Fill' feature passed the security vulnerability scan.

The first rule states that deployment requires passing *both* QA testing and security scans. Since the 'Auto-Fill' feature was deployed, it must have fulfilled both conditions. Therefore, it necessarily passed the security vulnerability scan. We cannot know if it was reworked at some earlier stage (A), nor do we have information about testing timelines (C) or other features (D).

Question 94: A project requires staffing from four departments: Engineering (E), Marketing (M), Sales (S), and Finance (F). The project lead has established the following scheduling rules for a critical planning day: 1) Engineering must have their meeting in the morning (9 AM or 10 AM). 2) The Sales meeting must happen at some point after the Marketing meeting. 3) The Finance meeting cannot be the first or the last meeting of the day. Which of the following schedules is valid?

9 AM: Marketing, 10 AM: Sales, 11 AM: Finance, 12 PM: Engineering
9 AM: Engineering, 10 AM: Marketing, 11 AM: Finance, 12 PM: Sales (Correct answer)
9 AM: Marketing, 10 AM: Finance, 11 AM: Sales, 12 PM: Engineering
9 AM: Engineering, 10 AM: Sales, 11 AM: Marketing, 12 PM: Finance

Correct answer: 9 AM: Engineering, 10 AM: Marketing, 11 AM: Finance, 12 PM: Sales

Let's evaluate each option against the rules: A is valid because Engineering is at 9 AM (morning), Sales (12 PM) is after Marketing (10 AM), and Finance (11 AM) is not first or last. B is invalid because Engineering is not in the morning. C is invalid because Engineering is not in the morning. D is invalid because the Sales meeting (10 AM) is before the Marketing meeting (11 AM).

Question 95: Business owners who have commercial premises often tend to have residential property as part of their portfolio.

True
Cannot Tell (Correct answer)
False

Correct answer: Cannot Tell

Explanation: We know that people in this survey are less likely to have ‘mixed-use assets’ (an add-on to commercial investment). Our gut reaction to this may therefore be to say ‘False’ but the passage is only telling us that the people in the survey are less likely to have residential holdings that form part of mixed use assets. We don’t know whether these people own the businesses that run from the commercial premises. The answer is therefore ‘Cannot tell’.

Question 96: What’s the difference between the average precipitation in Tirana and Algiers?

70
68 (Correct answer)
64
66

Correct answer: 68

Explanation: First, we work out the average precipitation for each location: Tirana (135+150+130+115+120)/5 = 130 Algiers (80+75+55+60+40)/5 = 62 Then we subtract the smallest from the largest to find the difference: 130 - 62 = 68

Question 97: Which of the following is an example of an appeal to authority used invalidly?

A famous actor endorses a brand of running shoes as superior for athletic performance. (Correct answer)
A Nobel Prize-winning economist endorses a tax policy based on their research.
A structural engineer certifies that a bridge meets safety standards.
A cardiologist recommends a specific heart medication.

Correct answer: A famous actor endorses a brand of running shoes as superior for athletic performance.

An actor's fame does not qualify them to judge athletic shoe performance; this is an invalid appeal to celebrity rather than relevant expertise.

Question 98: All figures in Group 1 follow a specific rule that figures in Group 2 do not. Which of the answer choices belongs in Group 1? - Group 1: A five-pointed star; A rectangle; The letter 'S'. - Group 2: A scalene triangle; The letter 'F'; A semi-circle.

The letter 'P'
A crescent moon shape
The number '8' (Correct answer)
A right-angled triangle

Correct answer: The number '8'

The rule for Group 1 is that all figures have point symmetry (also known as rotational symmetry of order 2 or more). This means they appear the same if rotated 180 degrees around their central point. A star, a rectangle, and the letter 'S' all have this property. The figures in Group 2 do not. Of the answer choices, only the number '8' has point symmetry. The letter 'P', a right-angled triangle, and a crescent moon do not look the same when rotated 180 degrees.

Question 99: Read the following passage and answer the question. 'The Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty that committed state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. The protocol was based on the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities,' putting the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In the first commitment period, from 2008 to 2012, 37 industrialized countries and the European Community committed to reducing their emissions to an average of five percent against 1990 levels.' According to the passage, which of the following was a foundational principle of the Kyoto Protocol?

That the treaty would only enter into force after 10 years of its adoption.
That developed nations had a greater historical responsibility for existing greenhouse gas levels. (Correct answer)
That all nations, developed and developing, must share the burden of emission reduction equally.
That economic growth should be prioritized over environmental protection.

Correct answer: That developed nations had a greater historical responsibility for existing greenhouse gas levels.

The passage explicitly states, 'The protocol was based on the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities,' putting the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.' This directly matches the correct answer choice.

Question 100: When studying for their exams, some medical students prefer to practice in short and specific periods throughout the day, rather than long sessions that cover multiple topics. Others use a process known as top-down learning, which involves looking at the topics as a whole before moving into the smaller areas. This natural way of learning is believed to yield better test results. It is therefore hypothesized that students do not need detailed study schedules, but rather just a list of all the topics they need to know. According to the text, what is top-down learning?

A study schedule
A natural way of learning (Correct answer)
Not enough information is provided
An ineffective way to study

Correct answer: A natural way of learning

Explanation: Top-down learning, as described in the text, involves starting with an overview of topics or concepts before delving into the details. This approach is considered natural because it mirrors how many people naturally approach understanding complex subjects: by first grasping the big picture before focusing on specifics.

Question 101: Find the missing number in the grid below by identifying the logical pattern that connects the numbers in each row. | 7 | 4 | 39 | | 5 | 6 | 41 | | 8 | 2 | ? |

64
16
27 (Correct answer)
77

Correct answer: 27

The pattern across each row is (Column 1 × Column 2) + 11 = Column 3. - First row: (7 × 4) + 11 = 28 + 11 = 39. - Second row: (5 × 6) + 11 = 30 + 11 = 41. Applying this rule to the third row gives: (8 × 2) + 11 = 16 + 11 = 27.

Question 102: Which of the following most accurately identifies a hidden assumption in this argument? 'We should invest in renewable energy because fossil fuel reserves are finite.'

Finite fossil fuel reserves make renewable energy a worthwhile investment. (Correct answer)
Renewable energy technology is already mature and cost-effective.
Fossil fuels are currently more expensive than renewables.
Governments will subsidize renewable energy projects.

Correct answer: Finite fossil fuel reserves make renewable energy a worthwhile investment.

The argument implicitly assumes that the finiteness of fossil fuels is a sufficient reason to switch investment to renewables, linking the premise to the conclusion.

Question 103: A project manager is allocating a budget of $500,000. 40% is allocated to Research & Development, 35% to Marketing, and the rest is allocated to Operational Costs. Which of the following statements is true?

The Operational Costs budget is $125,000. (Correct answer)
The R&D budget is exactly double the Operational Costs budget.
The combined R&D and Marketing budget is $375,000.
The Marketing budget is $50,000 more than the Operational Costs budget.

Correct answer: The Operational Costs budget is $125,000.

First, calculate the percentage for Operational Costs: 100% - 40% (R&D) - 35% (Marketing) = 25%. Now calculate the budget for each category: R&D = 0.40 * $500,000 = $200,000. Marketing = 0.35 * $500,000 = $175,000. Operational Costs = 0.25 * $500,000 = $125,000. Evaluating the options: A is false ($175k is $50k more than $125k). B is false ($200k is not double $125k). C is true. D is false ($200k + $175k = $375k, not $425k).

ieGAT IE Global Admissions Test

The ieGAT is IE University's proprietary admissions assessment measuring verbal reasoning, numerical ability, abstract/logical reasoning, and information handling skills.

150

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90 min

Time Limit

50%

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